A level History Stuarts Essay plan - growth in religious radicalism
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Course
Breadth study (1D)
Institution
AQA
'How far was the growth in religious radicalism in the years due to the breakdown in authority of state and church'.
Detailed, themed essay plan for an A* essay.
How far was the growth in political and religious radicalism in the years 1640 to 1660 due to the
breakdown of authority in State and Church? [25 marks] (2019)
Breakdown of state
● Collapse of censorship - pamphleteering - 1641 irish revolt (popish plot)
● Grand remonstrance published 1641 - Pym’s mob
● 1645 Battle of Naseby - King’s cabinet opened, king’s papers published.
● Levellers - An agreement of the people late 1640’s
● Mutiny of NMA 1647 - Pride’s Purge 1648
● 1658-1660 Return of leveller pamphleteering
● After Cromwell died the army shut down the protectorate.
Counterpoints
★ Under the rump parliament censorship continued.
★ John Milton key censor in 1650s - Crushing of leveller mutinies’
★ Restoration of state authority after 1649
Breakdown of church
● 1650 Toleration Act - sects + Fifth monarchists i.e Barebones (No state church in
1650’s)
● NMA - ‘mechanic preachers’, individual preachers/rallying.
● Reaction against Arminianism - Root and Branch petition 1640 (15,000 signatures to
remove bishops)
● Exclusion Act 162 - Bishops removed from Lords
● Abolition of episcopacy in 1640’s - Execution of Laud in 1645.
Counterpoints
★ 1650 Blasphemy act (‘world turned upside down’)
★ James Nayler 1656 (Quaker) - branded as blasphemous for imitating christ
Partial restoration of the church after the regicide - repression of certain extreme religious
radicals
NMA and experience of Civil War
● Levellers - NMA mutiny, Putney Debates, Pride’s Purge - due to poor treatment of the
army
● Meritocracy in NMA - men promoted due to skill not class
● 4% of english population killed - radicalises people
Counterpoint
★ Puritanism existed before.
Socio-economic factors.
● Population growth/growth of middling sort.
● Middling sort in London - using parliament for power
● London apprentices played a key role in political divisions. (Pym’s London Mob)
● Inflation eroded King’s finances - Forced Loan 1626, 1635 Ship money.
Agree
★ Breakdown in authority led to lack of censorship, outbreaks of iconoclasm 1640
★ Lack of authority nurtured the London Mob - allowing them to build popular support.
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