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A4M Practice Test Questions and answers rated A+ by experts 2024/2025
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A4M Practice Test Questions and answers rated A+ by experts 2024/2025
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A4MPractice
Test
Questions
1.
Identify
the
true
statement(s)
concerning
the
role
of
mitochondria
in
longevity,
aging,
and
disease.
a.
Decreased
mitochondrial
function
results
in
increased
oxidative
damage,
caused
by
free
radical
formation
combined
with
a
decrease
in
antioxidant
enzyme
system
activity.
b.
Maternal
transmission
of
mitochondrial
genomes
is
a
factor
in
differences
in
longevity
between
male
and
female
organisms
(Drosophila
model)
c.
Alteration
of
the
electron
transport
chain
(ETC)
promotes
survival
and
enhances
longevity
(C.
elegans
model).
d.
a,
b,
c
are
true
statements
e.
Only
a
and
b
are
true
statements
-
ANS1.
d
For
questions
2-4,
match
the
property
of
the
therapeutic
compound,
with
its
correct
name:
2.
Shown
to
reduce
all-cause
mortality,
as
well
as
mortality
specifically
due
to
cardiovascular
disease
and
cancers,
in
men.
3.
Shown
to
decrease
the
rate
of
telomere
shortening.
4.
Combined
with
calcium,
shown
to
reduce
mortality
in
the
elderly.
a.
Vitamin
C
b.
Vitamin
D3
c.
Vitamin
E
d.
CoEnzyme
Q10
e.
EPA/DHA
-
ANS2.
a
3.
e
4.
b
5.
Identify
the
true
statements
concerning
the
role
of
the
inflammation
in
aging
and
disease:
a.
Inflammation
is
implicated
as
a
key
factor
in
arthritis,
asthma,
allergies,
diabetes,
and
heart
disease.
b.
The
two
major
classes
of
inflammatory
messengers
are
prostaglandins
and
interleukins.
c.
Activation
of
the
protein
complex
nuclear
factor
kappa
beta
in
response
to
oxidative
stress
triggers
as
increase
in
pro-inflammatory
mediators,
including
IL-1,
IL-6,
IL-8,
and
TNF-alpha.
d.
Only
a
and
b
are
true
statements.
e.
Only
a
and
c
are
true
statements.
-
ANS5.
e
(the
2
major
classes
of
inflammatory
messengers
are
prostaglandins
and
leukotrienes)
6.
Identify
the
true
statements
concerning
lifestyle
(non-pharmacological)
approaches
in
hypertensive
patients:
a.
A
large
percentage
of
essential
HTN
patients
may
be
appropriate
candidates,
as
long
as
blood
pressure
is
evaluated
and
clinical
target
organ
damage,
clinical
CVD,
DM,
or
significant
risk
factors
are
not
present
at
the
time
of
diagnosis
and
do
not
develop
later.
b.
Optimum
nutrition,
antioxidants,
vitamins,
and
minerals
are
counter
indicated
in
patients
taking
antihypertensive
drugs.
c.
Non-pharmacological
approaches
to
HTN
are
not
valuable
in
patients
with
normal
BP.
d.
A,
b,
c
are
true
statements. e.
None
of
the
above
are
true
statements.
-
ANS6.
a
b.
...may
provide
excellent
adjunctive
treatment...
c.
...should
be
encouraged...
7.
Identify
the
true
statements
concerning
the
role
of
increased
oxidative
stress
in
HTN:
a.
Increases
oxidative
stress
is
due
to
increased
generation
of
ROS
with
a
suppressed
response
to
ROS.
b.
Arachidonic
acid
metabolites
do
not
contribute
to
increased
levels
or
ROS.
c.
A
reduced
antioxidant
reserve
results
from
lower
intracellular,
extracellular,
enzymatic,
and
non-enzymatic
antioxidants.
d.
a,
b,
and
c
are
true
statements
e.
None
of
the
above
are
true
statements.
-
ANS7.
c
a.
...an
exacerbated...
b.
...do
contribute....
8.
Identify
the
true
statements
concerning
protein
intake
and
effect
on
BP:
a.
Studies
have
demonstrated
a
consistent
association
between
high
protein
intake
and
reduction
in
BP.
b.
Studies
have
demonstrated
that
non-animal
protein
is
more
effective
than
animal
protein,
in
reducing
BP.
c.
Bovine
casein-derived
peptides
and
whey
protein-derived
peptides
exhibit
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
inhibitor
(ACEI)
activity.
d.
Sardine
muscle
protein
contains
valyl-tyrosine
(VAL-TYR),
found
to
significantly
lower
BP
in
HTN
subjects.
e.
All
of
the
above.
-
ANS8.
e
9.
Identify
the
true
statements
concerning
the
mechanism
of
action
of
omega-3
and
PUFA
on
BP:
a.
Suppress
nitric
oxide
(NO)
b.
Decreases
leukotrienes
c.
Reduces
glycogen
storage
d.
Suppresses
glucose
uptake
e.
Increases
plasma
norepinephrine
-
ANS9.
b
a.
stimulates
NO
c.
increases
glycogen
storage
d.
increases
glucose
uptake
e.
reduces
plasma
norepi
10.
With
regard
to
the
management
of
dyslipidemia
identify
the
clinical
recommendations
concerning
a
regimen
of
nutrition
and
exercise.
a.
Consume
at
least
6
servings
of
fruits
and
vegies,
whole
grains,
mixed
and
insoluble
fibers.
b.
Limit
daily
protein
intake
to
no
more
than
1.5
g/kg.
c.
Engage
in
aerobic
exercise
30
min,
3
times
a
week.
d.
Engage
in
resistance
training
exercise
20
min,
4
times
a
week.
e.
Achieve
ideal
weight,
BMI,
waist
circumference,
and
body
composition
(Body
fat).
-
ANS10.
e
a.
consume
10
b.
Consume
mod
high
protein
1.5-1.8
g.kg/day
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