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FNDH 400 Exam 3 100% Correct Verified 2024 Version

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Where does the name Vitamin come from? - Vital amines --> Vitamines, but when it was discovered they weren't amines, the E was dropped Fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K Water Soluble Vitamins - C, B What B vitamin numbers are missing? Why? - B4, B8, B10, B11 Were discovered and then removed...

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  • July 4, 2024
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FNDH 400 Exam 3 | 100% Correct | Verified |
2024 Version
Where does the name Vitamin come from? - ✔✔Vital amines --> Vitamines, but when it was discovered
they weren't amines, the E was dropped



Fat soluble vitamins - ✔✔A, D, E, K



Water Soluble Vitamins - ✔✔C, B



What B vitamin numbers are missing? Why? - ✔✔B4, B8, B10, B11

Were discovered and then removed due to redudancy



EV McCollum and vitamins - ✔✔Theorized fat-soluble factor A that deficiency led to ophthalmia
(inflammation of the eye) and water-soluble factor B resulted in beriberi



Factor A --> Vitamin A

Factor B --> B1 and B2 (realized there were multiple B2s)



Thiamin cofactor - ✔✔Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP)



Riboflavin cofactor - ✔✔Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD)

Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN)



Niacin cofactor - ✔✔Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)

Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP)



Pantothenic Acid cofactor - ✔✔Coenzyme A

,Vitamin B6 cofactor - ✔✔Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)



Folate cofactor - ✔✔Tetrahydrofolate (THF)



Vitamin B12 cofactor - ✔✔Adensosylcobalamin

Methylcobalamin



Most cofactors come from ___ vitamins - ✔✔B



Why must we consume B vitamins? - ✔✔Cofactors



Mineral amount classifcation - ✔✔Amount required

Macromineral > Trace Minerals > Ultratrace Minerals



DRIs - ✔✔EAR

RDA

AI

UL



Dietary guideliens - ✔✔Qualitative advice to the public about diet and chronic disease prevention and
health maintenance



DRI definition - ✔✔Quantitative advice to professionals about amounts of nutrients or food components
to be of benefit



Dietary guidelines vs DRI - ✔✔Qualitative for public vs. Quantitative for professionals



RDA

(Definition, Needs met, Set) - ✔✔Recommended Dietary Allowance

, Asses quality of people's diets

Meets needs of 97.5% of the population

Calculated using EAR (EAR + 2 standard deviations)



EAR

(Definition, Needs met, Set) - ✔✔Estimated Average Requirement

Estimated quality of 50% of the population

Requires applicable research



Risk for inadequacy for EAR vs RDA - ✔✔.5 (50%) EAR

.025 (25%) RDA



Formula for setting RDA - ✔✔EAR + 2 standard deviations



AI

(Definition, Needs Met, Set) - ✔✔Adequate Intake

Level that appears to be adequate in a defined population or subgroup

Not research based

Used for groups researchers are hesitant to test on (Infants, Pregnant Women, etc.)



UL

(Definition, Needs Met, Set) - ✔✔Tolerable Upper Intake Level

Highest level of daily nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose risk of adverse health effects to almost all
individuals of a population

First sets a NOAEL and LOEAL and then UL set lower based on uncertainty factors



NOAEL and LOAEL - ✔✔No observed adverse effect level

Lowest observed adverse effect level

*Note: Not DRI components, just measures needed for UL

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