✅✅✅
(Q1) (T or F) The peripheral nervous system is composed of your brain and
spinal cord.- -False
(Q1) (T or F) Motor signals (going from the brain to the periphery) are
✅✅✅
conveyed along efferent neurons, and sensory information (from the
periphery to the brain) is transmitted by afferent nerve fibers.-
-True
✅✅✅
(Q1) (T or F) Passive forces are generated by contraction of chest wall
muscles during inspiration.- -False
✅✅✅
(Q1) ( T or F) The primary function of the pulmonary apparatus is to
support speech production.- -False
✅✅✅
(Q1) The respiratory system are shown in what planes in images A to
C?- -A = Axial, B = Coronal, C = Sagittal
(Q1) (T or F) The ribcage and abdomen (AB) are regarded as components
✅✅✅
of the CHEST WALL, but are not essential for respiration, speech, and
voice production.- -False
✅✅✅
(Q1) Muscles for inspiration versus muscles for expiration are examples of
_________ muscles.- -Antagonist
(Q1) (T or F) The ribcage is a rigid structure which consists of 18 pairs of
✅✅✅
immovable ribs made entirely of bone with immovable attachments to the
sternum and vertebral column.- -False
✅✅✅
(Q1) Your thoracic spine is _________ to your sternum. (anatomical
position)- -Dorsal
(Q1) Pleural Pressure is ______. (check all that apply:)
,always positive
always negative
✅✅✅ -ALWAYS Negative
is fluctuating negative to positive
is fluctuating positive to negative-
(Q2) Assume lips/mouth open and vocal folds abducted. Now, a rapid
increase in the vertical dimension of lung space within the rib cage is
associated with:
a.) increased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the
diaphragm and expiratory air flow
b.) increased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the
diaphragm and inspiratory air flow
c.) decreased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the
diaphragm and expiratory air flow.
✅✅✅
d.) Decreased alveolar pressure primarily due to active contraction of the
diaphragm and inspiratory air flow- -d.) decreased alveolar
pressure primarily due to active contraction of the diaphragm and
inspiratory air flow.
(Q2) Which of the following helps decrease the surface tension in the
alveoli to improve respiratory function?
essential oils'
surfactant
✅✅✅
synovial fluid
pleural fluid- -Surfactant
(Q2) (pick the BEST answer) Sources of passive force in the chest wall
include:
The elasticity and contraction of the Pectoralis Major muscle
Recoil of muscles, connective tissue, bone (ribs), cartilage (ribs), ligaments,
surface tension of alveoli, and gravity
✅✅✅
Diaphragm muscle contraction
Contraction of the scalenes muscles- -Recoil of muscles,
connective tissue, bone (ribs), cartilage (ribs), ligaments, surface tension of
alveoli, and gravity
, (Q2) The costosternal and costovertebral joins make the following
movements possible:
Flexion of the cervical vertebrae
Hip flexion relative to the lumbar spine
✅✅✅
“bucket-handle” and “pump-handle” rotation of the ribs
Skull rotation- -“bucket-handle and “pump-handle” rotation of the
ribs.
(Q2) Increasing lung volume from 38% to 60% vital capacity in preparation
for conversational speech likely involves activation of these muscles:
interosseous internal intercostal muscles
rectus abdominus muscles
(Q2) (T or F) The narrow space between the parietal pleura and visceral
✅✅✅
pleura is normally filled with air to facilitate coupling of the rib cage wall to
the lungs, thereby allowing the lungs to expand during inspiration.-
-False
(Q2) Identify the muscle pairs listen below which are antagonists:
levatores costarum and pectoralis major
External intercostals and intercartilaginous internal intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid and interosseus internal intercostals
✅✅✅
scalenes (all) and lateral iliocostalis cervicis
Lateral iliocostalis lumborum and quadratus lumborum-
-Sternocleidomastoid and interosseous internal intercostals
(Q2) Your functional residual (reserve) capacity is…
IRV + VC
TV + IRV
✅✅✅
IRV + ERV
ERV + RV- -ERV + RV
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