MI Quiz 1.4, 2.1, 2.2
case-control study- ✅epidemiologic study where those with disease (case)
are compared to those without disease (control)
cohort study- ✅epidemiological study where exposed individuals and
non-exposed individuals are followed over time to determine incidence of
disease
DNA ligase- ✅A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication and
recombinant DNA techniques
epidemic- ✅ a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a
community at a particular time.
epidemiology- ✅ the branch of medicine that deals with the incidence,
distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to
health.
herd immunity- ✅ The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to
which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune
inoculation-✅ The introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living
organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.
plasmid-✅ A small ring of DNA in the cytoplasm that carries accessory
genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome
recombinant DNA- ✅ DNA produced by combining DNA from different
sources
restriction enzyme- ✅degradative enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific
sequence of nucleotides
, vaccination-✅ An procedure that produces a mild form of a disease in
order to help build up an immunity to it.
vaccine-✅ A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen that stimulates a
host's immune system to mount defenses against the pathogen
Why do different generations have different diseases?- ✅ vaccine and
medical advancements over time
Live attenuated vaccines- ✅ Live pathogen, but weakened. Injected to
trigger immune response
Messenger RNA vaccines- ✅ Make proteins to trigger an immune
response without injecting viral material (COVID-Moderna, Pfizer)
polysaccharide vaccines- ✅ target bacteria encased in sugar
conjugate vaccines- ✅ sugar sticks to protein for better response
recombinant vaccines-✅ use another organism to make vaccine antigen
inactivated vaccines-✅ Made up of dead virus particles, it cannot
reproduce, but still provokes a response by the immune system.
toxoid vaccines-✅ uses the toxin (part of germ) that causes disease to
build immunity rather than the whole germ
Viral vector vaccines-✅use vectors (harmless version of a virus) to
expose immune system to antigens in a virus to build immunity
epidemiologist- ✅a specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a
population group
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