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KNES 260 Final Review all Questions & answers solved
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KNES 260 Final Review✅peptide, steroid and amine
what are the 3 classes of hormones?-
amine hormones are usually made of what?-✅tryptophan or tyrosine
(amino acids)
✅
How do peptide hormones travel in the blood and how do they exert their
effect on the cell?- travel freely in the blood
cannot enter the cell unless they have a membrane receptor
quick acting and short half life
✅
How do steroid hormones travel in the blood and how do they exert their
effect on the cell?- needs to be bound to a protein to travel in blood
they are lipophilic, therefore can enter target cell
slow acting and longer half life
✅
What is a steroid hormone made of? Give an example of a steroid
hormone- cholesterol
examples: cortisol, estrogen and testosterone
✅stress,
What are three things that can affect hormone secretion?-
diet/sleep, emotional/disease state
✅
what is permissiveness? give an example- the need of a second
hormone to get the full expression of the hormone
example: TH increases the number of receptor sites for epi
what is synergism? give an example- ✅multiple stimuli
ex: glucagon + epi + cortisol
what is a tropic hormone? give examples- ✅act on other endocrine glands
to control hormone secretion
,ex: hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
what is a non tropic hormone? give examples- ✅act on effector organs
ex: thyroid, adrenals, pancreas
what is primary hypersecretion caused by?- ✅abnormality within the gland
✅
what is secondary hyposecretion?- when the gland is normal, but there is
a lack of hormonal secretion due to decreased tropic hormone
what is the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine function?- ✅controls the
anterior pituitary which then controls endocrine glands
✅
what is another name for neurohypophysis and
adenohypophysis?- posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary respectively
✅
name 2 hormones that the posterior pituitary secretes and what are their
effects?- oxytocin and ADH
oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and promotes milk
ejection, overall helps promote attachment between mother and child
ADH increases pressure in blood by increasing blood volume, increases
water reabsorption in kidney to conserve fluid and maintain BP and BV
What are the 5 tropic hormones from the Anterior Pituitary? What is the
✅
non-tropic hormone from theanterior pituitary? What is the action of each of
these hormones?- tropic: FSH, LH, GH, TSH, ACTH
non tropic: prolactin
FSH: promotes egg and sperm production
LH: estrogen and testosterone secretion, ovulation
TSH: promotes TH secretion
ACTH: promotes cortisol secretion
GH: causes insulin growth like factors, stimulates protein synthesis and cell
division to increase muscle and lengthen/thicken bones
prolactin: promotes breast development and milk production
, what triggers growth? name the 2 hormones involved- ✅genetics, diet and
sleep, normal levels of growth influencing hormones
GHRH & GH
✅
what do somatomedins do? what's another name for this
hormone?- stimulate cartilage growth and insulin like growth factors
GH
✅
what are the effects of excessive growth hormone in adults?- Gigantism
or Acromegaly occurs
Gigantism: occurs before growth plates close; lengthening of bone
Acromegaly: occurs after growth plates close (20 yrs); thickening of bone
✅influences circadian rhythm and
what is the function of melatonin?-
antioxidant activity (repair work)
✅
what 2 hormones come from the thyroid gland and what are their
effects?- TH and calcitonin
TH: increases metabolism, therefore, increasing heat
calcitonin: decreases blood calcium levels
what is needed for thyroid hormone production?- ✅iodine
when is thyroid hormone released?- ✅when cold as TH increases heat
✅
what is Grave's disease? what are the treatment
options?- hyperthyroidism - excessive thyroxine
it is an autoimmune condition
can be treated by medication, radiation and surgery
✅
what is hyperthyroidism? and what are some symptoms?- excessive
thyroxine
tachycardia, hyperactivity, weight loss, hunger, hot, bulgy eyes
what is exophthalamus?- ✅bulgy eyes
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