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Global History Regents Review 10th Grade
✅
What the age of absolutism?- - period in Europe when nations were
governed by Absolute monarchs
- centralized political power
- divine right
- rulers believed their power was unlimited and they made laws without
consent of people
✅
who were some Absolute monarchs? (5)- 1. Peter the Great- Absolute
monarch of Russia- expanded territory and Westernized Russia
2. Louis XIV- absolute monarch of France- expanded territory
3. Philip II- Absolute monarch of Spain
4. Henry VIII- absolute monarch of England
5. Suleiman the Magnificent- absolute monarch of the Ottoman Empire-
expanded territory
✅
what was the Scientific Revolution?- - sudden and dramatic change in
how people viewed the world
- science and reason were sued
- people no longer turned to the bible and church for answers
✅
key people of the Scientific Revolution (5)- 1. Copernicus- heliocentric
theory
2. Galileo- proved Copernicus was right and put on trial by the Catholic
Church
3. Isaac Newton- Mathematician and astronomer who developed calculus
and theory of gravity
4. Johannes Kepler- helped discover how the planets move
5. Descartes- mathematician, scientist, and philosopher
✅- spread of new ideas throughout
effects of the Scientific Revolution-
Europe
- challenged traditional authority
- led to enlightenment
, ✅
what was Enlightenment and what were its key ideas?- - period in
Europe when reason was used to understand and improve society
- society could be improved by using reason and natural law
- governments receive their authority from the people not from god
- democracy
✅
key people of enlightenment (4)- 1. John Locke- all people have natural
rights. they also have the right to overthrow governments that fail to protect
these rights
2. Baron de Montesquieu- he believed that power in government should be
divided into three branches to prevent kings from being too strong-
separation of power and system of checks and balances
3. Voltaire- everyone is entitled to freedom of speech and religion
4. Rousseau- society is a social contract (all people agree to work for the
common good of society)
✅
effects of enlightenment- - political revolutions
- enlightened despots- kings and queens who believed in enlightenment
ideas
✅
What is a political revolution?- A political revolution is an event in which
the people of a country overthrow an existing government and create a new
government
✅
Why did the English Revolution take place, what was it, and how did it
end?- - people in England believed that the absolute monarchs of
England were unfair and had too much power
- the people of England successfully limited the power of the monarchs
- resulted in a limited/ constitutional monarchy
- to power of the monarch was decreased by written laws
✅1. The Magna Carta
laws that limited the power of the English king (4)-
2. The Petition of Right
3. The English Bill of Rights
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