Chapter 9 Endocrine System (Marieb)
✅
Hormones- chemical substances, secreted by endocrine cells into the
extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the
body
Negative Feedback- ✅Chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all
hormones
✅
Hormonal Stimuli- release of hormones in response to hormones
produced by other endocrine organs
✅
Humoral Stimuli- changing blood levels of ions and nutrients directly
stimulate secretion of hormones
Hypothalamus-✅part of the nervous system and is also recognized as a
major endocrine gland
produces releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones
✅
Exocrine Glands- release their products at the body's surface or into
cavities through ducts
✅
Pituitary Gland- The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the
influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls
other endocrine glands.
Size of pea that hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the
hypothalamus of the brain that is surrounded by the sella turcica
Master Endocrine gland
, ✅
anterior pituitary gland- an endocrine gland whose secretions are
controlled by the hypothalamic hormones
✅
Oxytocin- A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates
uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during
breastfeeding.
✅
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- Hormone produced by the neurosecretory
cells in the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney
tubule cells into the blood and vasoconstriction of arterioles.
✅increased formation and secretion of urine
Diuresis-
Growth Hormone-✅Its major effects are directed to the growth of skeletal
muscles and long bones of the body and thus it plays an important role in
determining final body size.
Pituitary Dwarfism- ✅lack of growth hormone, normal proportions with
short stature
✅
Gigantism- hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary
before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues
Prolactin- ✅Stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother's
breasts
✅
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- secreted by the pituitary gland to
stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
✅
Luteinizing hormone- Triggers the ovulation of the secondary oocyte from
the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and
some estrogen.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)- ✅regulates the endocrine activity of
the cortex portion of the adrenal gland
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