LAB 10: THE SKIN
stratum basale- ✅ the deepest stratum. It contains a single sheet of
columnar cells that continue to divide. As daughter cells are formed they
are pushed upward becoming part of the next stratum
stratum spinosum- ✅ is noted for its miltilayer of distored ("spined") cells.
superficial to stratum basale. cells become distorted as they are pushed up
from the deeper stratum basale
stratum germinativum- ✅ stratum basle and stratum spinosum together are
often called this
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium- ✅ the superfical layer of
epithelium
epidermis-✅ the superfical layer of skin containing up to five layers
stratum granulosum-✅ is superficial to stratum spinosum. It contains
flattened cells pushed up from the deeper strata. As the cells are pushed
up through this stratum they form the portein granules that give it the name
granulosum. By the time the cells leave this stratum they have died
stratum lucidum- ✅ light layer-is a very thin layer present only in thick skin.
Thick skin is found only in high-wear areas such as the palms and soles
stratum corneum- ✅ layer of dead keratinized tissue
dermis- ✅ layer of skin deep to the epidermis. A sheet of irregular fibrous
connective tissue. Much thicker than the epidermis and has a scattering of
blood vessels and nerves. Also contain many sensory nerve endings. Heat,
cold , touch, and pressure are mediated
✅ layers
strata-
, dermis- ✅ reticular layer and papillary layer are found here
reticular layer-✅ deep to the papillary layer. part of the dermis. thick region
of irregularly arranged protein fibers most of which are collagenous but few
are made of elastin.
papillary layer- ✅ is the bumpy superficial portion of the dermis attached to
the epidermis.
subcutaneous tissue- ✅ also called hypodermis or superficial fascia. Not
part of the skin but studied with it. Is loose , fibrous (areolar) connective
tissue that connects the skin to underlying muscles and bone. Some of the
areolar tissue has been modified to become adipose tissue
✅
arrector pili- muscle is a strap of smooth muscle tissue connecting the
side of a follicle to the superficial surface of the dermis. Gives you goose
bumps by increasing the air spaces among the hairs, improving their
insulation quality.
hair and nail- ✅ modified forms of stratum corneum
hair follicle-✅ is a sheathlike indentation of the epidermis
hair papilla-✅ at the bottom of the follicle, covered with stratum
germinativum, produces the hair
hair root-✅ portion of each hair within the follicle
hair shaft-✅ portion that is pushed out of the follicle
sebum-✅ fatty substance produced by the sebaceous gland
nail bed-✅ skin under the nail. is matrix that produces the nail plate
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