Exam (elaborations)
PPE 3003 FINAL.
- Course
- Institution
Exam of 17 pages for the course personality theory research at personality theory research (PPE 3003 FINAL.)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
lydiaomutho
Content preview
PPE 3003 FINALDefinition of Theory (CH.1) - correct answer-Set of principles that must:
•Be testable and capable of stimulating research
•Be able to clarify and explain data by organizing those data into coherent framework
•Help understand behavior
Formal vs. Personal Theories - correct answer-Personal: Based on intuition and common
sense (belief based)
Formal: Based on stated propositions and logical case (evidence based)
Principles of measurement reliability & validity - correct answer-Reliability: degree to which a
test produces stable and consistent results
Validity: extent to which an assessment device measures what it is meant to measure
5 Methods of Personality Assessment - correct answer-1) Projective Tests: assessment
device in which subjects are presumed to project personal needs, fears, and values onto
their interpretation or description of an ambiguous stimulus. (ex. Rorschach, word
association)
- A: used for assessment and diagnostic purposes
- D: low reliability and validity
2) Self-report or objective inventories: assessment technique in which subjects answer
questions about their behaviors and feelings.
-A: designed to be scored objectively and quickly
-D: Not suited for people who possess limited reading skills; tendency to give most socially
desirable answers
3) Clinical interviews: a distinct form of interviewing that involves a face-to-face verbal and
nonverbal exchange between a clinician and client designed to gather data that is needed
for diagnosis and treatment of the client.
-A: problem areas can be explored in detail
-D: can be subjective
4) Behavioral assessment procedures: evaluates a person's behavior in a given situation
-A: provides valuable insight
-D: less systemic
5) Thought and experience sampling procedures: a person's thoughts are recorded
systematically to provide a sample over a period of time
-A: Determines how context influences thought and mood
-D: Participant may forget to record activities; Emotions and mood affect nature of
information reported
,4 Research Methods of Personality - correct answer-Clinical Method (case study): A detailed
history of an individual that contains data from a variety of sources.
-A: Provides an in-depth view of one's personality
-D: No precision and control of the experimental and correlational methods; Subjective;
Accuracy of childhood memories cannot be checked
Experimental Method: Involves determining effects of variables or events on behavior
-A: Well controlled and systematic
-D: Safety and ethical reasons restrict control over some aspects of personality and
behavior; Dependent variable is influenced by the subject's attitude
Virtual Research Method (online test administration): Psychological tests, opinion surveys,
and subject responses to experimental stimuli
-A: Fast responses; Inexpensive; Reaches broad range of subjects
-D: Sample may not represent the population; Online test-takers may have different
characteristics from non-responders; Honesty and accuracy of data is questionable
Correlational Method: Measures the degree of relationship between two variables
-A: Helps make predictions in the real world
-D: Cause and effect conclusions may be flawed
Race and Gender Differences - correct answer-Personality theorists traditionally consisted of
white men of European and American heritage
- ignored ethnic and gender influences
Cross-cultural assessment - correct answer-Conclusion shows that personality is formed by
genetic and environmental influences
Individualism vs. Collectivism - correct answer-Impacts child-rearing practices and self
enhancement -- Tendency to promote oneself aggressively and be conspicuous
Psychoanalysis (CH.2) - correct answer-Sigmund Freud's theory of personality and system
of therapy for treating mental disorders
Instincts - correct answer-mental representations of internal stimuli, such as hunger, that
drive a person to take certain actions.
Life Instincts - correct answer-The drive for ensuring survival of the individual and the
species by satisfying the needs for food, water, air, and sex.
Death Instincts - correct answer-the unconscious drive toward decay, destruction, and
aggression
Levels of Personality - correct answer-Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious
Structures of Personality - correct answer-ID: allied with the instincts; pleasure principle
Ego: responsible for directing and controlling the instincts; reality principle
, Superego: moral aspect of personality
Reality Anxiety - correct answer-Fear of tangible dangers
Neurotic Anxiety - correct answer-conflict between id and ego
Moral Anxiety - correct answer-conflict between superego and ego
Defense Mechanisms (8 listed below) - correct answer-Ego strategies to defend against
anxiety provoked by conflicts of daily life
Repression - correct answer-involves unconscious denial of the existence of something that
causes anxiety
Denial - correct answer-Involves denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic
event
reaction formation - correct answer-involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of
the one truly driving the person
Projection - correct answer-involves attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else
Regression - correct answer-involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life
and displaying childish and dependent behaviors characteristic of that more secure time
rationalization - correct answer-involves reinterpreting behavior to make it more acceptable
and less threatening
Displacement - correct answer-involves shifting id impulses from a threatening or
unavailable object to a substitute object that is available
Sublimation - correct answer-involves altering or displacing id impulses by diverting
instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors
Psychosexual Stages - correct answer-the childhood stages of development (oral, anal,
phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies
focus on distinct erogenous zones
Oral Stage - correct answer-Mouth is the primary erogenous zone; pleasure derived from
sucking: id is dominant [birth-1]
Anal Stage - correct answer-Toilet training (external reality) interferes with gratification
received from defecation. [1-3]
Phallic Stage - correct answer-Incestuous fantasies; Oedipus complex; anxiety; superego
development. [4-5]
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lydiaomutho. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
41222 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now