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Summary AQA A. Level psychology memory - cognitive interview
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Summary of 2 pages for the course Memory at AQA (Detailed A01 + A03)
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L9 - cognitive interviewCognitive interview - method of interviewing EW to help them retrieve more accurate memories
Develop by FISHER AND GEISELMAN (1992)
Report everything reinstate context reverse order change perspective
encourages witnesses should events recalled in recall incident from
witnesses to include return to scene of the different order from other people's
every single detail crime in their head / original sequence perspective e.g. how
they can remember imagine environment e.g. what happened it appeared to perp
of event even if it + emotions at the before you saw the
seems irrelevant / time = links to context perp Disrupts effect of
witness not confident dependant forgetting expectations
about detail Prevents people Also disrupts effect of
Back into context can reporting expectation schema on recall -
Something trivial can allow cues from of what would generate expectation
acts as external environment + happen next + more of what would
trigger to recall other emotions to aid recall accurate recall + happen / influence
important events prevents dishonesty recall
Recency effect - most
recent reflect are
more likely to be
remembered so the
details from the
beginning and middle
of crime more likely
to be forgotten
Enhanced cognitive interview :
Fisher et al (1987) - develop additional elements which focused on social dynamics of
interactions
E.g. interviewer needs to know when to establish eye contact + when to stop
- Regulates flow of conversation + builds rapport + can sense dishonesty
- Minimising distraction - acts as extraneous variables = may overlook key details which impact
accuracy of recall
- Speak slowly - nurturing environment for rapport , able to process what they are saying ,
details are picked up correctly and recorded
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