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Summary AQA A level psychology memory - interference
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Summary of 2 pages for the course Memory at AQA (Detailed A01 + A03)
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L5 - interference as an explanation for forgettingForgetting refers to the inability to retain information that has previously been learnt.
Two explanations for forgetting : interference and retrieval failure due to absence of cues
Interference = where we forget information because one memory blocks another causing one or
both to be distorted or forgotten
This can explain forgetting in our long term memory where information stored is ‘permanent’,
suggest that forgetting is due to our inability to access information even though it’s available in
our LTM
Proactive interference - old memories interference with new
Retroactive interference - new memories interfere with old
Most likely to occur when two memories are similar
Similarity : impact levels of forgetting
1. proactive - old info makes new ,similar info more difficult to store
2. Retroactive - new info overwrites previously similar memories due to similarity
McGeoch + McDonald (1931)
Used materials of varying degrees of similarity to investigate the impact it has on retroactive
interference
Aim : see the effect the second activity would have on accuracy of memory
Method : 12 ppts learn a list of words until there was 100% accuracy
5 differnt kinds of lists were shown to participants
1. synonyms
2. Antonyms
3. Unrelated words
4. Nonsense syllables
5. 3 digit numbers
Control conditions = ppts were retested
Results : asked to recall original list of words = performance depended on nature of second list
= most similar materials (synonyms) produced least accurate recall
Conclusion : interferneces is stronger when intervening activity is similar = more likely to forget
Evaluation :
P: methodological issues involved in supporting research
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