Anatomy and Physiology for Science Majors I (Grand Canyon University) Anatomy and Physiology for Science Majors I (Grand Canyon University) Central Nervous System Review Guide: Anatomy and Physiology for Science Majors I (Grand Canyon University) Central Nervous System Review Guide: 1. Structures of the CSN: a. Brain and spinal cord 2. Meanings of rostral and caudal: a. Rostral: towards forehead b. Caudal: towards spinal cord 3. Region comprises the bulk of volume of brain: a. Cerebrum: 83% of brain volume 4. Difference between a gyrus and a sulcus: a. Gyrus: b. Sulus: 5. Fissures in brain: a. Fissures: 6. Difference between nuclei and tracts in brain: a. Nuclei: b. Tracts: 7. Differences and similarities of grey and white matter in brain: a. Grey: b. White: 8. Three meninges and the three spaces. Which of these three is located deepest (closest to the brain)? Under which layer does CSF circulate? Under which of these layers ar e the dural sinuses located? Where would a subdural hematoma occur if someone got hit in the head? 9. Pathophysiology of meningitis; spinal tap may be performed: 10. Locations of ventricles: a. Lateral ventricle: b. Third Ventricle: c. Fourth Ventricle: 11. Two ventricles of the brain do each of the following connect: a. Interventricular foramen: i. Become occluded: b. Cerebral aqueduct: i. Become occluded: 12. Cerebrospinal fluid made, circulated, and purpose in CNS; choroid plexus: a. 13. Role of in the circulation of CFS: a. Arachnoid villi: b. Arachnoid granulations: 14. Hydrocephalus causes: a. 15. Compare and contrast the structures involved AND the functions of both blood brain barrier and the blood CSF barrier. Anatomy and Physiology for Science Majors I (Grand Canyon University) ANATOMY LAST STUDY G UIDE 16. Portions of brain in brain stem: a. 17. Midbrain is responsible for: a. 18. Major function of the pons: 19. Portion of the brain stem adjusts the force and rate of heartbeat, vomiting, sneezing, etc: a. 20. Major region of the brain coordinates skeletal muscle contractions needed for smooth, coordinated movements of our daily lives: a. 21. Three bilaterally symmetric structures of the diencephalon: a. Makes up the major portion of the diencephalon: b. Regulates hunger and fullness: c. Serves as a gateway between the cerebral cortex and the rest of the body (where a sorting out and “editing” proces s occurs): d. Responsible for regulation body temperature (and does so by initiating sweating or shivering): e. Contains the gland responsible for the sleep/wake cycle: a. Hormone regulates sleep/wake cycle: i. 22. Structures that comprise the limbic system, brain location; general functions: a. 23. Role of the basal ganglia; Parkinson’s disease a. Role: b. Parkinson’s disease: 24. Functions of the reticular formation: a. 25. Roles of white matter fibers: a. Association fibers b. Commissural fibers: c. Projection fibers: 26. Cerebrum is also called the ____ 27. Corpus callosum location; primary function: a. Location: b. Function: 28. Cerebrum portions a. White matter: b. Grey matter: 29. Location of cerebrum: a. Longitudinal fissure: b. Central sulcus: c. Precentral gyrus: d. Postcentral gyrus: 30. Four major lobes of cerebrum; functions: a. 31. Sensory association areas of cerebrum; location and function:
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