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Sumario Explicación de derivadas

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Resumen de cómo resolver derivadas implícitas

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  • July 7, 2024
  • 3
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
  • Secondary school
  • Bachillerato
  • 4
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INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL
CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS CIENTÍFICOS Y TECNOLÓGICOS
“JUAN DE DIOS BÁTIZ”
CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL
Elaboró: Xochitl Ramírez Marquina

Derivación implícita

Una función en la que la variable dependiente se expresa únicamente en términos de la variable
independiente es una función explícita. La forma de estas funciones es 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) y son las que
hemos trabajado a lo largo del curso.

Ejemplos:

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + √𝑥 + 1

3𝑥 − 1
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2

En aquellas ecuaciones como por ejemplo 𝑥 3 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 0 en las que no sea posible obtener 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
como una función explícita de 𝑥,es posible hallar 𝑑𝑥 realizando los siguientes pasos (en ese orden):

1. Deriva ambos lados de la ecuación con respecto a 𝑥, utilizando las reglas de derivación algebraica
o trascendente.
𝑑𝑦
2. Del lado izquierdo, se agrupan todos los términos que dependen 𝑑𝑥 y del lado derecho el resto de
los términos.
𝑑𝑦
3. Se factoriza 𝑑𝑥 del lado izquierdo de la ecuación.
𝑑𝑦
4. Se despeja 𝑑𝑥 .

El conjunto de pasos anteriores se llama derivación implícita.

Ejemplo:
𝑑𝑦
1. Dada la ecuación 𝑥 3 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 0, encuentra 𝑑𝑥 por derivación implícita.
Solución
𝑑 3 𝑑0
(𝑥 − 3𝑎𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 3 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑0
(𝑥 ) − (3𝑎𝑥𝑦) + (𝑦 3 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑎 (𝑥𝑦) + 3𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑎 (𝑥 + 𝑦 ) + 3𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑥 − 3𝑎𝑦(1) + 3𝑦 2 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Abril 2024

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