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Scheikunde hoofdstuk 13 samenvatting
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Scheikunde hoofdstuk 13 samenvatting (chemie overal vwo 5)
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Scheikunde H13 samenvatting____
13.1 Nieuwe kunststoffen
Koolwaterstoffen:
- alkanen → CnH2n+2 → ruimtelijke bouw = tetraëder (afbeelding hieronder tweede
afbeelding: streepjes is naar achteren en vetgedrukt is naar voren)
- cycloalkanen→ CnH2n → koolstofskelet met ring structuur → → cyclo-
- alkenen → CnH2n → dubbele binding → → -een
n 2n-2
- alkynen → C H → driedubbele binding → -yn
- benzeen → C6H6 → bezit 6 vrij bewegende elektronen
- alkylbenzeen →
Karakteristieke groepen:
- halogeenalkanen → bevatten halogeenatoom: F, Cl, Br, I → halogeen-
- alcoholen → -OH binding → vormt waterstofbruggen en relatief hoge kookpunt → -
ol
- aldehyden → → -al
- ketonen → → -on
- carbonzuren → (-COOH binding) → relatief hoge kookpunten en vormen
waterstofbruggen. → -zuur
- esters → ontstaat uit een zuur en een alcohol → → -oaat
- ethers → → alkoxy-
- aminen → -NH binding → + COOH = aminozuur → amino-
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