SMCC Nursing 175 Exam 1 Study
Questions and Correct Answers
Name 5 common reasons for using Infusion therapy? ✅1. Maintain fluid balance /
correct imbalance
2. Maintain Electrolyte balance / correct imbalance
3. Administer Medications
4. Administer Blood Products
5. Nutrition
Name 4 priority concepts associated with Infusion Therapy ✅Fluid Electrolyte balance
Tissue Integrity
Infection
Perfusion
What healthcare settings deliver infusion therapy? ✅Hospitals, clinics, Drs. Offices,
Homecare, Dialysis Centers, Long Term care facilities
IV drugs provide rapid therapeutic effects but can lead to immediate serious reactions
known as: ✅ADE. Adverse Drug Events
What does the term VAD mean? ✅Vascular Access Device
What are the two categories of VAD? ✅PVAD (peripheral vascular) and CVAD (central
venous)
What are the different kinds of common Peripheral Vascular Access (PVA)devices?
✅1. Short, over the needle catheter (most common - 72-96 hours max - hand or
forearm)
2. Midline catheter (longer-term IV therapy - veining upper arm, 1-4 wks, no blood draws
- no vesicant drugs)
3. Winged infusion catheter (generally for children)
What are the different kinds of common Central Venous Access (CVA) Catheter types?
✅1. Non-tunneled Percutaneous CVC ( subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular, short
term, requires x-ray to confirm placement, used in emergency settings)
2. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) (x- ray determines placement, Can be
used longer term, and for contrast injections, CVP monitoring.
3. Tunneled CVC (lies in subcutaneous tunnel, used for long term infusion therapy, cuff
of antibiotics to reduce infection)
4. Implanted port (surgically implanted in upper chest, long term, flushed after each use)
,What types of patients veins can NOT be used for Infusion Therapy? ✅Mastectomy
Axillary lymph node dissection
Lymphedema
Paralysis of upper extremities
Dialysis graft or fistulas
What does ISOTONIC mean? ✅Has the same Solute concentration as that of blood
plasma
List common Isotonic (270-300mOsm/L) solutions? ✅Normal Saline (NS/0.9% NS)
Lactated Ringers (LR)
Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) - (becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells)
(ISOTONIC= Same osmolarity as body fluid)
List common Hypertonic solutions? ✅Parenteral nutrition (TPN)
3%NS
5%NS
Dextrose 10% in water (D10W)
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Normal Saline (D5 0.45% NS)
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% Normal Saline (D5 0.9%NS)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers (D5LR)(HYPERTONIC= Higher osmolarity than body
fluid)
List common Types of Hypotonic Solutions? ✅0.45% Saline (1/2 NS)
D5W (starts Isotonic -becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells
(HYPOTONIC =Lower osmolarity than body fluid)
What does Hypertonic mean? ✅Hypertonic: (fluids > 300 mOsm/L)
having a greater concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a
semipermeable membrane into a hypertonic solution.
Why are isotonic solutions contraindicated in patients with Congestive Heart Failure,
HTN, Cardiac Disease and the Elderly? ✅There is a greater risk of fluid overload
because water does not move into or out of the body's cells with isotonic solutions.
What does Hypotonic mean? ✅Hypotonic: (fluids < 270 mOsm/L)
having less concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a
semipermeable membrane out of a hypertonic solution into the other solution.
Name the 6 types of blood and/or blood components available for infusion therapy.
✅1. Whole blood
2. Packed red blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Fresh frozen plasma
5. Albumin
, 6. Clotting factors
Name the 6 rights of Infusion Therapy ✅1. Right patient
2. Right solution
3. Right rate
4. Right route (PVAD, CVAD)
5. Right time
6. Right documentation (site, solution, rate and pt. tolerance)
What does CR-BSI mean? ✅Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection
What does CATS PRRR mean? ✅C=compatibilities
A= allergies
T= tubing correct
S=site checked
P=pump safety checked
R=right rate
R=release champs
R= return and reassess the patient
Describe the "phlebitis scale" from 0-4: ✅0- no symptoms
1 - Redness at access site with or without pain
2- Pain at the access site with erythema and/or edema
3- Streak formation and palpable venous cord
4 -Palpable venous cord > 1 inc and purulent drainage
What does Interstitial mean? ✅Area between cells
Define the word plasma? ✅Fluid portion of the blood
Define Diffusion ✅The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration.
What are the signs of Hyperglycemia? ✅Increased thirst.
nausea
Headaches.
Trouble concentrating.
Blurred vision.
Frequent peeing.
Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
DEPRESSED
Weight loss.
Blood sugar more than 180 mg/dL
What are the signs of Hypoglycemia? ✅Hunger
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