HESI MED SURG EXAM \ LATES T HESI MED ICAL SURGICAL EXAM 2024 -2025 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (100% CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST U PDATES | GU ARANTEED PASS A+ (APPROVED EXAM ) MED SURG HESI EXAM A client with heart disease is on a continuous telemetry monitor and has developed sinus bradycardia. In determining the possible cause of the bradycardia, the nurse assesses the client's medication record. Which medication is mo st likely the cause of the bradycardia? A. Propanolol (Inderal) B. Captopril (Capoten) C. Furosemide (Lasix) D. Dobutamine (Dobutrex) - Answer -A. Propanolol (Inderal) Rationale: Inderal is a beta adrenergic blocking agent, which causes decreased heart rate and d ecreased contractility. Neither B, an ACE inhibitor, nor C, a loop diuretic, causes bradycardia. D is a sympathomimetic, direct acting cardiac stimulant, which would increase the heart rate. In preparing a discharge plan for a 22 -year -old male client diag nosed with Buerger's disease (thromboangilitis obliterans), which referral is most important? A. Genetic counseling B. Twelve -step recovery program C. Clinical nutritionist D. Smoking cessation program - Answer -D. Smoking cessation program Rationale: Buerger's d isease is strongly related to smoking. The most effective means of controlling symptoms and disease progression is through smoking cessation. The cause of Buerger's disease is unknown; a genetic predisposition is possible, but A will not be of value. The c lient with Buerger's disease does not need referral to a 12 -step program any more than the general population. Diet is not a significant factor in the disease, and general healthy diet guidelines can be provided by the nurse. Which symptoms should the nur se expect a client to exhibit who is diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma? A. Numbness, tingling, and cramps in the extremities B. Headache, diaphoresis, and palpitations. C. Cyanosis, fever, and classic signs of shock D. Nausea, vomiting, and muscular we akness - Answer -B. Headache, diaphoresis, and palpitations. Rationale: Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla, and B is the typical triad of symptoms depending upon the relative proportions of epinephrine and norepinephrine secret ion. A lists the signs of latent tetany, exhibited by clients diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. C lists the signs of an Addisonian (adrenal) crisis. D lists the signs of hyperparathyroidism The nurse is assessing a client's laboratory values following administration of chemotherapy. Which lab value leads the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)? A. Serum PTT of 10 seconds B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl C. Oxygen saturation of 90% D. Hemoglobin of 10 g/dl - Answer -B. Serum calcium of 5 mg/dl. Rationale: TLS results in hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperphosphatemia. A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe acute diverticulit is. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect this client to exhibit? A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low -grade fever B. Severe pain at McBurney's point and nausea. C. Abdominal pain and intermittent tenesmus D. Exacerbations of severe diarrhe a - Answer -A. Lower left quadrant pain and a low -grade fever. Rationale: Left lower quadrant pain occurs with diverticulitis because the sigmoid colon is the most common area for diverticula, and the inflammation of diverticula causes a low -grade fever.
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