Write an account of how the Treaty of Versailles caused
problems for Germany (8 marks)
One way the Treaty of Versailles caused problems for Germany was by creating
Political upheaval. The Treaty of Versailles stated that the Kaiser of Germany
should abdicate and that there should be new democratic government, this was
called the Weimar Republic – this is the government that had no choice but to
sign the treaty, or there would be another war. Many Germans were under the
impression that the Weimar Republic had betrayed Germany, and so, they were
known as the ‘November Criminals’ (the WW1 Armistice was signed in
November). This ‘stab-in-the-back’ (Dolchstoss) myth led to widespread
unhappiness with the new German government after WW1, which lead more
chaos. From 14-15 January, Communists, known as the Spartacists, attempted to
overthrow the German Government but failed. Shortly after the Wimer
Constitution, the Kapp Putsch against the government is only narrowly defeated.
In November 1923, Adolf Hitler tried but failed to overthrow the Government in
the Munish Putsch.
The Treaty of Versailles also created economical chaos, especially when the
League of Nations decided that Germany should pay £6.6 million in reparations.
This huge amount of money was extremely difficult for a war-recovering country
to pay. Especially since Germany had lost the Saar (mines), in the treaty also.
When Germany got behind with its payments, France invaded the Ruhr, an
industrial area of Germany, causing them to lose even more money. With the
economy struggling, hyperinflation became a big problem, and money became
virtually worthless – children would build kites and play with stacks of money.
The Treaty of Versailles also created social disorder in Germany. The revolts that
had started in October 1918, about food shortages and the war had continued.
The treaty, limited Germany’s once expansive army, and limited it to only
100,000 men. This meant thousands of soldiers were left without a job. Many
soldiers had been injured or impaired while fighting and could not find new jobs
after the war. Hyperinflation certainly did not help this. Due to the Treaty, many
soldiers were left to beg on the streets of Germany, living from the mercy and
generosity of others, whom also did not have much to give due to economic
struggles.
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