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Samenvatting Celbiologie
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Samenvatting Celbiologie
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Celbiologie 2021-2022 Practicum 1Practicum 1: Prokaryoten en eukaryoten
De microscoop
Micros: klein ; Scopein: onderzoeken
Ongewapend oog: tot 100m
Lichtmicroscoop: 1mm - 100nm, gebruikt licht
Elektronenmicroscoop: 100m - 0,1nm, gebruikt elektronenstraal
De elektronenmicroscoop
SEM = scanning electron microscopy
elektronenstraal scant oppervlak
geeft info over oppervlak (samenstelling)
TEM = transmission electron microscopy
elektronenstraal gaat door staal
geeft info over ‘inner structure’
De lichtmicroscoop
Mechanisch en optisch deel
Convexe lenzen: licht focussen op 1 punt
Diafragma: blokkeert licht deels
Lichtbron: object verlichten en beeld vormen
Bovenste deel: beeld vormen
Onderste deel: object verlichten
Total magnification: oculair * objectieflens
Magnification = grootte beeld/ware grootte
Prokaryoten
Geen celkern, wel nucleoïde
DNA: nucleoïde of plasmide
Geen membraangebonden organellen
Celwand: petidoglycaan
1
, Celbiologie 2021-2022 Practicum 1
Celmembraan
Dubbele fosfolipidelaag: hydrofiele kop - hydrofobe staart
Celwand
Gram-positieve bacterie Gram-negatieve bacterie
Peptidoglycaan: 40-90% Peptidoglycaan (weinig) + lipopolysacharide
= alternerend acetylglucosamine + acetylmuraminezuur
Maakt bacterie ‘robuuster’
Gramkleuring:
bacteriecultuur suspenderen in NaCl + fixeren door vlam → kleuren met kristalviolet (bindt met peptidoglycaanlaag)
→ fixeren met lugol + spoelen met ethanol + saffanine → + paars, - rood
Onderscheid
1. Vorm
Coccus - bolletjes
Bacillus - staafjes
Spirillum - spiraalvormig bv. Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio - kommavormig bv. Vibrio cholerae
2. Ligging t.o.v. elkaar
Diplococcen - per 2
Staphylococcen - in groepen
Streptococcen - in kettingen
2
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