100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1 EXAM 3 $12.49   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1
  4.  
  5. SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1

Exam (elaborations)

SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1 EXAM 3

1 review
 15 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1
  • Institution
  • SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1

SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1 EXAM 3 FLUID/ELECTROLYTES ACID/BASE QUESTIONS AND EXPERT ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS A GRADED

Preview 4 out of 31  pages

Document information

  • July 9, 2024
  • 31
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

Subjects

  • saunders
  • nclex pn
  • fluid
  • electrolytes
  • acidbase
  • guaranteed pass
  • questions and expert answers

Written for

  • SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1
All documents for this subject (4)

1  review

review-writer-avatar

By: RegisteredNurse • 3 months ago

Very Informative, detailed and timely, I passed, thank you very much

Seller

avatar-seller
DrBellaPhD

Reviews received

Content preview

SAUNDERS NCLEX-PN1 EXAM 3
FLUID/ELECTROLYTES ACID/BASE QUESTIONS
AND EXPERT ANSWERS GUARANTEED PASS A
GRADED 2023-2024


The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure. On assessment, the nurse notes that the client is
dyspneic and crackles are audible on auscultation. What additional signs would the nurse expect
to note in this client if excess fluid volume is present?
a. Weight loss
b. Flat neck and hand veins
c. An increase in blood pressure
d. Decreased central venous pressure (CVP)
c. An increase in blood pressure
Rationale:
Assessment findings associated with fluid volume excess include cough, dyspnea, crackles,
tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain,
edema, neck and hand vein distention, altered level of consciousness, and decreased hematocrit.
The remaining options identify signs noted in fluid volume deficit.
The nurse is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The nurse reviews the client's
record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because of
which situation?
a. Sustained tissue damage
b. Requires nasogastric suction
c. Has a history of Addison's disease
d. Is taking a potassium-retaining diuretic
b. Requires nasogastric suction
Rationale:
Potassium-rich gastrointestinal fluids are lost through gastrointestinal suction, placing the client
at risk for hypokalemia. The client with tissue damage or Addison's disease and the client taking
a potassium-retaining diuretic are at risk for hyperkalemia.
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte laboratory report and notes that the potassium level is 2.5
mEq/L. Which pattern would the nurse note on the electrocardiogram as a result of the laboratory
value?
a. U waves
b. Absent P waves

,c. Elevated T waves
d. Elevated ST segment
a. U waves
Rationale:
Electrocardiographic changes include inverted T waves, ST segment depression, and prominent
U waves. Absent P waves are not a characteristic of hypokalemia but may be noted in a client
with atrial fibrillation, junctional rhythms, or ventricular rhythms.
The nurse provides instructions to a client with a low potassium level about the foods that are
high in potassium and tells the client to consume which foods? Select all that apply.
a. Peas
b. Raisins
c. Potatoes
d. Cantaloupe
e. Cauliflower
f. Strawberries
b. Raisins
c. Potatoes
d. Cantaloupe
f. Strawberries
Rationale:
Common food sources of potassium include avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish,
mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork, beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, and tomatoes.
Peas and cauliflower are high in magnesium.
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client's serum sodium level is 150
mEq/L. The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the health care provider (HCP) and the HCP
prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which food item does the nurse
instruct the client to avoid?
a. Peas
b. Nuts
c. Cauliflower
d. Processed oat cereals
d. Processed oat cereals
Rationale:
A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates hypernatremia. On the basis of this finding, the
nurse would instruct the client to avoid foods high in sodium. Nuts, cauliflower, and peas are
good food sources of phosphorus. Peas are also a good source of magnesium. Processed foods
are high in sodium content.
The nurse is assessing a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. Which clinical
manifestation would the nurse expect to note in the client?
a. Twitching

,b. Hypoactive bowel sounds
c. Negative Trousseau's sign
d. Hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
a. Twitching
Rationale:
Signs of hypocalcemia include paresthesias followed by numbness, hyperactive deep tendon
reflexes, and a positive Trousseau's or Chvostek's sign. Additional signs of hypocalcemia include
increased neuromuscular excitability, muscle cramps, twitching, tetany, seizures, irritability, and
anxiety. Gastrointestinal symptoms include increased gastric motility, hyperactive bowel sounds,
abdominal cramping, and diarrhea.
The nurse caring for a client with hypocalcemia would expect to note which change on the
electrocardiogram (ECG)?
a. Widened T wave
b. Prominent U wave
c. Prolonged QT interval
d. Shortened ST segment
c. Prolonged QT interval
Rationale:
Electrocardiographic changes that occur in a client with hypocalcemia include a prolonged ST or
QT interval. A shortened ST segment and a widened T wave occur with hypercalcemia.
Prominent U waves occur with hypokalemia.
The nurse reviews the electrolyte results of an assigned client and notes that the potassium level
is 5.7 mEq/L. Which finding would the nurse expect to note on the electrocardiogram as a result
of the laboratory value?
a. ST depression
b. Inverted T wave
c. Prominent U wave
d. Tall peaked T waves
d. Tall peaked T waves
Rationale:
Electrocardiographic changes associated with hyperkalemia include flat P waves, prolonged PR
intervals, widened QRS complexes, and tall peaked T waves.
The nurse caring for a group of clients reviews the electrolyte laboratory results and notes a
sodium level of 130 mEq/L on one client's laboratory report. The nurse understands that which
client is at highest risk for the development of a sodium value at this level?
a. The client who is taking diuretics
b. The client with hyperaldosteronism
c. The client with Cushing's syndrome
d. The client who is taking corticosteroids

, a. The client who is taking diuretics
Rationale:
Hyponatremia can occur in the client taking diuretics. The client taking corticosteroids and the
client with hyperaldosteronism or Cushing's syndrome are at risk for hypernatremia.
The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving high doses of a diuretic. On
assessment, the nurse notes that the client has flat neck veins, generalized muscle weakness, and
diminished deep tendon reflexes. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. What additional signs would
the nurse expect to note in a client with hyponatremia?
a. Muscle twitches
b. Decreased urinary output
c. Hyperactive bowel sounds
d. Increased specific gravity of the urine
c. Hyperactive bowel sounds
Rationale:
Hyperactive bowel sounds indicate hyponatremia. The remaining options are signs of
hypernatremia. In hyponatremia, muscle weakness, increased urinary output, and decreased
specific gravity of the urine would be noted.
The nurse reviews a client's laboratory report and notes that the client's serum phosphorus level
is 2 mg/dL. Which condition most likely caused this serum phosphorus level?
a. Alcoholism
b. Renal insufficiency
c. Hypoparathyroidism
d. Tumor lysis syndrome
a. Alcoholism
Rationale:
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation and the use of aluminum hydroxide-based
or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism. Renal insufficiency,
hypoparathyroidism, and tumor lysis syndrome are causative factors of hyperphosphatemia.
The nurse is reading a health care provider's (HCP) progress notes in the client's record and reads
that the HCP has documented "insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." The nurse
interprets that this type of fluid loss can occur through which route?
a. The skin
b. Urinary output
c. Wound drainage
d. The gastrointestinal tract
a. The skin
Rationale:
Insensible losses occur daily through the skin and the lungs. Sensible losses are those of which
the person is aware, such as through urination, wound drainage, and gastrointestinal tract losses.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller DrBellaPhD. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

72042 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.49
  • (1)
  Add to cart