Respiratory Syncytial Virus/Bronchiolitis Practise Questions| Exam Review
1. What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and who is most at risk?: RSV is a contagious viral respiratory illness most affecting children under 3 years. It spreads through contact with respiratory secretions and is par...
1. What is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and who is most at risk?: RSV is a contagious viral
respiratory illness most affecting children under 3 years. It spreads through contact with
respiratory secretions and is particularly severe in premature babies with underdeveloped
immune systems.
2. How is RSV transmitted and when does it occur most frequently?: RSV transmission occurs
through direct contact with secretions or via airborne droplets. It typically peaks annually during
winter or early spring.
3. What long-term health issues can RSV lead to in children?: RSV can lead to bronchiolitis in
infants, which is a risk factor for developing wheezing and asthma later in childhood.
4. What is bronchiolitis and its primary cause?: Bronchiolitis is a lower respira- tory tract illness
causing inflammation and obstruction of the bronchioles. It is most commonly caused by RSV
and is the leading cause of hospital admissions among children under 12 months.
5. How far can RSV droplets spread in the air from an infected individual?: RSV droplets can be
detected in the air as far as 22 feet from an infected individual.
6. How does RSV infect the respiratory system?: RSV infects squamous epithe- lial cells of the
bronchioles and alveoli, leading to the formation of syncytia (masses of cells) which burst and
die, causing airway obstruction.
7. What happens to the airways during an RSV infection?: Infected cells merge, die, and leave
behind debris that clogs airways, causing edema and increased mucosal secretions. This results
in partial airway obstruction and bronchospasms.
8. What are common respiratory symptoms caused by RSV?: Symptoms in- clude wheezing,
crackles in the airways, and acute rhinorrhea (runny nose). There may also be air trapping,
hyperinflation, and atelectasis.
9. What are potential severe complications of RSV?: RSV can lead to hypoxemia due to a mismatch
between air and blood in the alveoli, increasing the risk of respiratory failure. Apnea (absence of
respirations) and pulmonary edema may also occur.
10.By what age have nearly all children in the United States been infected with RSV?: Nearly all
children in the United States have been infected with RSV by the age of 2 years.
11.What are the annual hospitalization rates for children under 5 due to RSV?: More than 50,000
children under 5 years are hospitalized annually due to RSV infections.
12.How does RSV hospitalization vary among different populations?: The rate of hospitalization is
three to five times higher for Alaskan Native infants than other U.S. infants, influenced by
factors like household crowding and environmental conditions.
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