Summary AQA Psychology for A Level Year 1 & AS Student Book - Attachment
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Course
Attachment
Institution
AQA
My notes on attachment (in AS and A level Psychology).
Includes: Caregiver-infant interactions in humans: reciprocity and interactional synchrony. Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer. Multiple attachments and the role of the father.
Animal studies of attachment: Lorenz and Harlow.
Explan...
, Interactions
Caregiver-Infant
person responds to the other and elicits
T ↑ "turn taking" &
When each
a
.
response from them
Reciprocity How
>
-
two
people :
interact
. How caregivers/babies respond to each
others' signals and elicits a response from the
other) reciprocal).
foramen
↳ active involvement from caregivers baby
↳
alert phases =
when baby signals the caregiver , and arraits for a spell
for interaction .
of they
that
interaction .
are
ready
AUI :
metime
notice + responses to these alerts (fadmanetal
Is of Caregivers
-
on described
.
this as a dance between ↳ external Factors + mother's skills may affect this
caregiver and infant this interaction tends to be increasingly frequent and
↳ from 3mmhs ,
(fedman
.
involves dose attention to each
other's verbal signals and
facial expression . #
a coordinated
>
-
Interactional Caregiver+ baby
:
mirror each other's actions + emotions
way
Synchrony ->
Feldman's definition : "The temporal coordination of micro
level social behaviour between the infant and caregiver
"
.
beginnings of
↳ Meltzoff more assessed interactional synchrony by asking caregivers to
:
+
child's expressions
6 initiate a facial expression / distinctive gesture filmed I were .
cmrolled
observation .
-
findings babies' expressions + gestures
:
were most likely
the caregivers' actions -
mirroring
association was found between the expression or
gesture the adult had
an
displayed and the actions of trebabies.
↳ Isabella et al :
assessed degree of synchrony +
quality of mother-baby
attachment in 30 mothers + babies
.
mother-
↳
finding
:
Higher levels of synchraly =
I
bett
To quality of infant
to
N
attachment .
associated wh
-
neths
i meannesses
-
observations good validity counterpoint
med
:
Lab
↑
"
-
"Robust Phenomena
i
,
Is control any distractions to
Feldman stated that interactional synchrony
can be the baby are names of
# implication reciprocity)
watched
t any ↳ baby does not know/care behaviours
by more observable caregiver-baby
than one time they are observed
being ,
and do not give a reason as to
Observer natural behaviour
interactions
This does not
↳ establish
recorded
. Why babies respond this way .
inter-rater being I causation of baby's development
.
lince to a
reliability
High degree of synchrony good quality a mentI
sm
-
>
-
-
↳
good mother-baby attachment >
-
socially sensitive associated w/
↳ found by Isabella et al
*
it's helpful in 1 Ifa mother-baby attachment = better development
baby , then
when a mother leaves for work
responses , of
(empathy
develop stress
↓
-
positive
im
,
language sI This deem to be detrimental to a
>
- Practical use moral development .
may
filmed research of caregiver-baby interaction baby's development .
negative labelling
as
can be used in parenting style training
- a 10-min Parent-child-Interaction training
I the mother may neglect
their child
record observable behaviours
, I development
in
.
in 20 on
>
-
Difficult to
improved interactional synchrony
babies
income mothers and their preschool children
.
I
Due to lack of coordination (myhand movement ion)
fine detail I
-Captures caregiver
S
Meltsoff Moore's study difficult to know a
baby's perspective
-
- + : ↳
* controved = high degree of control ,
established C-E
-
relationships
I
may trigger
a behaviour from a
baby
* later research M m found
by findings infants
+ the same in 3 Gratier =
Interactions between mothers +
day old infants
.
I
↳ reliable
have shown the same patterns of interaction
.
replicable high concurrent validity
I
, ,
>
- () suggested association =
subjectivity researcher is their imitation
of infant's perspective
:
Unsure ,
"
bins
?
- of adult signals conscious and deliberate
move
, weakness &
2 ↳ showe long term effects
.
L
i
weakness
↳ Strength of CG-1 interactions.
(t) Still face experiment - Koepke of al failed to
Mother was fold to face her baby replicate metzoff and Moore's
and hold a still face (she does not study
behaviours (
react to the baby's ↳
Questions concurrent
&
finding :
baby became agitated validity
to eroke
by failed attempts
a
can reliability
-
reaction in the matter,
demonstrating - Issue of falsifiability :
the importance of reciprocity in a
Dule to us
child's wellbeing consistent agreement ,
the research is based
# interference ,
depends on subjective
an association
.
opinion
Hard mat IS
to prove
is .
accurate
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