Organic Chemistry Rated A+
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry focuses on the study of carbon compounds, including those with no connection to
living organisms. This branch of chemistry encompasses a wide range of compounds, from simple
molecules to complex biomolecules.
Bonding in Carbon...
Organic chemistry focuses on the study of carbon compounds, including those with no connection to
living organisms. This branch of chemistry encompasses a wide range of compounds, from simple
molecules to complex biomolecules.
Bonding in Carbon Compounds
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Saturated hydrocarbons,
the most chemically inert of all organic compounds, are composed solely of carbon-to-carbon single
bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, on the other hand, contain carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds.
Atomic Structure of Carbon
, Carbon has an atomic number of 6, meaning it has 6 protons, 6 electrons, and an atomic weight of 12.0.
Its electron configuration is characterized by 2 electrons in the first energy level and 4 electrons in the
second energy level.
Carbon's Bonding Capabilities
Carbon's ability to form bonds with other elements is due to its capacity to share four electrons to
achieve a more stable configuration. When bonding with hydrogen or halogens, carbon shares one
electron. When bonding with oxygen or sulfur, carbon shares up to two electrons. With nitrogen, carbon
can share up to three electrons.
Halogens and Hydrocarbons
Halogens include fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I). Hydrocarbon molecules consist
only of carbon and hydrogen atoms and can be classified into aliphatic and aromatic categories.
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