Chapter 6 Chemistry Complete And Verified
Chemical Bonds
Chemical bonds are formed through the mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence
electrons of different atoms. This attraction binds the atoms together, forming a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic bonding...
Chapter 6 Chemistry Complete And Verified
Chemical Bonds
Chemical bonds are formed through the mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence
electrons of different atoms. This attraction binds the atoms together, forming a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds
Ionic bonding occurs when there is an electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and
anions. Covalent bonding, on the other hand, results from the sharing of electron pairs between two
atoms.
Polarity of Covalent Bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds occur when the bonded atoms share electrons equally, resulting in a balanced
distribution of electrical charge. Polar covalent bonds, however, have an uneven distribution of charge,
leading to a partial positive or negative charge on each atom.
Molecules and Molecular Compounds
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. Molecular compounds are
chemical compounds whose simplest units are molecules.
Chemical Formulas
Chemical formulas use atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of
atoms in a substance. Molecular formulas show the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single
molecule.
Bond Characteristics
, Bond length refers to the distance between two bonded atoms at their minimum potential energy. Bond
energy is the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms.
Octet Rule
The octet rule states that chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom gains, loses, or shares
electrons to achieve an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level.
Electron Notation
Electron-dot notation is a way to represent the valence electrons of an atom using dots placed around
the element's symbol. Lewis structures are formulas that use this notation to show electron pairs in
covalent bonds and unshared electrons.
Structural Formulas
Structural formulas indicate the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds between atoms in a molecule,
but do not show unshared pairs.
Multiple Bonds
Single bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms. Double bonds
involve the sharing of two pairs of electrons, while triple bonds involve the sharing of three pairs.
Resonance
Resonance occurs when bonding molecules or ions cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis
structure, indicating that multiple structures contribute to the overall bonding arrangement.
ionic compound ✔️Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of
positive and negative charges are equal
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