Thermodynamics- Chemistry Graded A+
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of energy changes in chemical reactions and how energy influences those
changes. The system refers to the specific part of the universe being examined, while the surroundings
encompass the rest of the universe.
...
Thermodynamics is the study of energy changes in chemical reactions and how energy influences those
changes. The system refers to the specific part of the universe being examined, while the surroundings
encompass the rest of the universe.
Heat and Temperature
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between a system and its surroundings, measured in terms of the
total amount of energy. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a system.
According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat will always flow from a hotter object to a colder
one.
Heat Flow
When heat flows into a system from its surroundings, Q is positive. Conversely, when heat flows out of a
system into its surroundings, Q is negative. Endothermic processes absorb energy as heat from their
surroundings, resulting in a positive Q value. Exothermic processes release energy as heat into their
surroundings, resulting in a negative Q value.
Calorimetry
James Joule developed calorimetry, which measures heat flow using a device called a calorimeter. The
calorimeter equation is q = cmΔT, where c is the specific heat capacity and m is the mass of the
substance.
Conversion between Calorie and Joule
One calorie is equivalent to 4.184 Joules (J), and one kilocalorie (Kcal) is equal to 1 Calorie. Nutritional
calories are measured in Kcal, while scientific measurements use Joules (J) or kilojoules (kJ).
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bestscores1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.51. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
