Cars MCAT
The author implies which of the following about clinical practice?
A.
Some physicians tend to give clinical experience undue preeminence over research
experience.
B.
Even at its best, clinical experience is anarchic.
C.
The role of clinical experience in the practice of medicine is overly complex.
D.
Physicians embrace clinical experience primarily because it gives priority to their
own intuitions. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Some physicians tend to give clinical
experience undue preeminence over research experience.
Which of the following is most illustrative of "the illusory correlation bias" (paragraph
3), as it is described in the passage?
A.
A flutist sometimes performs a difficult trill correctly, and sometimes does not, and is
unable to determine the cause of her inconsistency.
B.
An athlete looks like she has mastered the pole vaulting technique, but since she
never actually clears the bar, her coach calls her mastery an illusion.
C.
A teacher measures his students' performance, praises them in hopes their
performance will improve, and then measures their performance again, to assess the
effect of the praise.
D.
A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the dog's training,
but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D. A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the
dog's training, but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk.
Why does the author most likely mention "the role of chance" (paragraph 4)?
A.
As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed
B.
As a response to concerns about the small sample size clinicians may use
C.
As a feature that makes clinical experience superior to evidence-based medicine
D.
As part of an argument against the use of intuition in medical practice - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed
,Why does the author most likely mention Norway?
A.
To provide an exemplar of clinical practice
B.
To provide an exemplar of evidence-based medicine
C.
To provide an example of accounting for economics
D.
To provide an example of one drug being less effective than it seems - CORRECT
ANSWER-C.
To provide an example of accounting for economics
Suppose that rigorous scientific research demonstrated that physicians who use a
clinically-based model provide better care and have better patient outcomes than
those who use an evidence-based model. How would this finding affect passage
claims?
A.
It would undermine the views of those clinicians who see clinically-based experience
as sacrosanct.
B.
It would support the suggestion that the approach taken in Norway is very unlikely to
be effective.
C.
It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in
the passage.
D.
It would support the idea that music is an apt metaphor for medical practice. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C.
It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in
the passage.
Suppose that a psychologist is interested in the performance of trial lawyers. On the
basis of Experiment 1, the psychologist should predict that a legal argument will be
more effectively presented if:
A.
the lawyer is serving without compensation than if the case involves a large financial
settlement.
B.
the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship.
C.
the courtroom is empty than if it is filled with spectators whose sympathies are
unknown.
D.
,jurors watch the trial through a one-way mirror than if they are present in the
courtroom. - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship.
What is the most likely explanation of the slower rate of performance observed in
Experiment 1?
A.
A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends
B.
A feeling of being judged more harshly by friends than by strangers
C.
An inability to concentrate on mental tasks when friends are present
D.
A belief that accuracy is more important than speed on certain tasks - CORRECT
ANSWER-A.
A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends
What conclusion about the nature of audience support is justified by the results of
Experiment 2 alone?
A.
Supportive friends can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
B.
Supportive strangers can enhance a performance if they would not benefit from its
success.
C.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
D.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if its success would benefit the performer. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
Suppose that Experiment 1 is repeated with the addition of a "hostile-audience"
condition and that this condition produces data equivalent to those of the
"supportive-audience" condition. Which of the following hypotheses would best
accommodate this outcome?
A.
A hostile audience does not affect performance.
B.
A supportive audience impairs performance.
C.
An involved audience impairs performance.
D.
A nonhostile audience enhances performance. - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
An involved audience impairs performance.
, What finding from other research would be most apt to raise questions about the
conclusion reported in the passage?
A.
Actors report feeling more confident before an enthusiastic audience than before a
passive one.
B.
Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are
alone.
C.
People do not normally invite nonsupportive persons to witness their public
performances.
D.
The presence of family members seldom affects the performance of household
tasks. - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are
alone.
In Experiment 1, which of the following hypotheses would most reasonably account
for the post-experimental statements made by those in the neutral condition?
A.
A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance.
B.
A performer's anxiety can be reduced with no effect on performance.
C.
An audience can affect a performance by reducing performance anxiety.
D.
An audience can affect a performance by causing performance anxiety. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A.
A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance.
The purpose of Experiment 2 was to:
A.
be certain that the supportive observer was truly supportive.
B.
isolate the reason for adopting a cautious performance style.
C.
test the effect of an incentive to improve one's performance.
D.
determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D.
determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect.
The author implies which of the following about clinical practice?
A.
Some physicians tend to give clinical experience undue preeminence over research
experience.
B.
Even at its best, clinical experience is anarchic.
C.
The role of clinical experience in the practice of medicine is overly complex.
D.
Physicians embrace clinical experience primarily because it gives priority to their
own intuitions. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Some physicians tend to give clinical
experience undue preeminence over research experience.
Which of the following is most illustrative of "the illusory correlation bias" (paragraph
3), as it is described in the passage?
A.
A flutist sometimes performs a difficult trill correctly, and sometimes does not, and is
unable to determine the cause of her inconsistency.
B.
An athlete looks like she has mastered the pole vaulting technique, but since she
never actually clears the bar, her coach calls her mastery an illusion.
C.
A teacher measures his students' performance, praises them in hopes their
performance will improve, and then measures their performance again, to assess the
effect of the praise.
D.
A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the dog's training,
but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D. A dog trainer attributes a dog's correct response to "Lie down" to the
dog's training, but the trainer gives the command only at the end of a tiring walk.
Why does the author most likely mention "the role of chance" (paragraph 4)?
A.
As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed
B.
As a response to concerns about the small sample size clinicians may use
C.
As a feature that makes clinical experience superior to evidence-based medicine
D.
As part of an argument against the use of intuition in medical practice - CORRECT
ANSWER-A. As part of an explanation of why clinical impressions may be flawed
,Why does the author most likely mention Norway?
A.
To provide an exemplar of clinical practice
B.
To provide an exemplar of evidence-based medicine
C.
To provide an example of accounting for economics
D.
To provide an example of one drug being less effective than it seems - CORRECT
ANSWER-C.
To provide an example of accounting for economics
Suppose that rigorous scientific research demonstrated that physicians who use a
clinically-based model provide better care and have better patient outcomes than
those who use an evidence-based model. How would this finding affect passage
claims?
A.
It would undermine the views of those clinicians who see clinically-based experience
as sacrosanct.
B.
It would support the suggestion that the approach taken in Norway is very unlikely to
be effective.
C.
It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in
the passage.
D.
It would support the idea that music is an apt metaphor for medical practice. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C.
It would challenge the views of the economists and health experts, as represented in
the passage.
Suppose that a psychologist is interested in the performance of trial lawyers. On the
basis of Experiment 1, the psychologist should predict that a legal argument will be
more effectively presented if:
A.
the lawyer is serving without compensation than if the case involves a large financial
settlement.
B.
the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship.
C.
the courtroom is empty than if it is filled with spectators whose sympathies are
unknown.
D.
,jurors watch the trial through a one-way mirror than if they are present in the
courtroom. - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
the judge is unknown to the lawyer than if the two have a cordial relationship.
What is the most likely explanation of the slower rate of performance observed in
Experiment 1?
A.
A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends
B.
A feeling of being judged more harshly by friends than by strangers
C.
An inability to concentrate on mental tasks when friends are present
D.
A belief that accuracy is more important than speed on certain tasks - CORRECT
ANSWER-A.
A desire to maintain an appearance of relaxed competence before friends
What conclusion about the nature of audience support is justified by the results of
Experiment 2 alone?
A.
Supportive friends can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
B.
Supportive strangers can enhance a performance if they would not benefit from its
success.
C.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
D.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if its success would benefit the performer. -
CORRECT ANSWER-C.
Strangers can disrupt a performance if they would benefit from its success.
Suppose that Experiment 1 is repeated with the addition of a "hostile-audience"
condition and that this condition produces data equivalent to those of the
"supportive-audience" condition. Which of the following hypotheses would best
accommodate this outcome?
A.
A hostile audience does not affect performance.
B.
A supportive audience impairs performance.
C.
An involved audience impairs performance.
D.
A nonhostile audience enhances performance. - CORRECT ANSWER-C.
An involved audience impairs performance.
, What finding from other research would be most apt to raise questions about the
conclusion reported in the passage?
A.
Actors report feeling more confident before an enthusiastic audience than before a
passive one.
B.
Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are
alone.
C.
People do not normally invite nonsupportive persons to witness their public
performances.
D.
The presence of family members seldom affects the performance of household
tasks. - CORRECT ANSWER-B.
Musicians usually perform more skillfully when a friend is present than when they are
alone.
In Experiment 1, which of the following hypotheses would most reasonably account
for the post-experimental statements made by those in the neutral condition?
A.
A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance.
B.
A performer's anxiety can be reduced with no effect on performance.
C.
An audience can affect a performance by reducing performance anxiety.
D.
An audience can affect a performance by causing performance anxiety. - CORRECT
ANSWER-A.
A performer's anxiety need not adversely affect performance.
The purpose of Experiment 2 was to:
A.
be certain that the supportive observer was truly supportive.
B.
isolate the reason for adopting a cautious performance style.
C.
test the effect of an incentive to improve one's performance.
D.
determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect. - CORRECT
ANSWER-D.
determine the relevance of friendship to the audience effect.
