✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
EARTHQUAKES - -years; minutes
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
VOLCANOES - -decades; days
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
HURRICANE - -months; days
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
THUNDERSTORMS - -hours; minutes
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for ROGUE
WAVES - -hours; seconds
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
LANDSLIDES - -days; seconds
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for METEOR
IMPACT - -millennia; seconds
,✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for TSUNAMI -
-minutes; hours
✅✅
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for FLOODS -
-hours; days
SI standard unit of distance - ✅✅-metre
SI unit standard of mass - ✅✅-kilogram
density - ✅✅-mass per unit volume (how much mass fits into a space); p or d
How is stratification linked to density? - ✅✅-stratification is the layering of
materials. Less dense materials float on top of denser materials.
layers of the atmosphere from top to surface of Earth - ✅✅-exosphere
thermosphere
mesophere
stratosphere
troposphere
layer of atmosphere with storms -✅✅-troposphere
how can the ocean layers be divided? - ✅✅-by availability of light
by ecological parameters
✅✅
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on chemical and physical characteristics) -
-lithosphere (solid, crust)
asthenosphere (plastic rock)
mesosphere (solid rock)
outer core (liquid metal)
inner core (solid metal)
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on density) - ✅✅-crust
mantle
core
order of magnitude -✅✅-power of ten
exponential curve - ✅✅-starts rising very slowly at first but increases faster and
faster
logarithmic scale - ✅✅-the ordinate (vertical axis) steps by powers of ten (orders of
magnitude)
,disaster scale(s) for EARTHQUAKES - ✅✅-Richter
Modified Mercalli
Moment Magnitude
disaster scale(s) for VOLCANOES - ✅✅-Volcano Explosivity Index
disaster scale(s) for WIND AND WAVES - ✅✅-Beaufort Scale
disaster scale(s) for HURRICANES - ✅✅-Saffir-Simpson Scale
disaster scale(s) for THUNDERSTORMS - ✅✅-dBZ
disaster scale(s) for TORNADOES - ✅✅-Fujita Scale
Torro Scale
disaster scale(s) for IMPACTS -✅✅-Torino Scale
more intense disasters occur _______________ - ✅✅-less frequently
return period (RP) - ✅✅-the average number of years between disaster events of
the same magnitude
RPm = time span of data record / number of cases of magnitude M
elements -✅✅-building blocks of our world
element - ✅✅-consists of identical atoms
atom - ✅✅-the smallest piece of an element, made of protons (+), neutrons
(neutral) and electrons (-)
nucleus - ✅✅-the center of an atom that holds the protons and the neutrons
atomic number - ✅✅-number of protons
atomic mass number - ✅✅-sum of protons + neutrons
isotopes - ✅✅-different versions of an element that have the same number of
protons but diff numbers of neutrons
hydrogen -✅✅-H, smallest atom, Aco water
helium - ✅✅-He, non-reactive (noble gas) made by fusion in sun
, carbon - ✅✅-C, aco most life forms on Earth, aco coal, graphite, diamonds
Nitrogen - ✅✅-N, Gco air, aco nitric-acid rain
Sulphur - ✅✅-S, yellow, burnt match smell, Aco sulfuric acid rain, aco salt in
oceans
chlorine -✅✅-Cl, very reactive (bleaches), aco salt in oceans
Argon - ✅✅-Ar, third most common gas in Earth's atmosphere
Potassium - ✅✅-K, very reactive metal, Aco salt in oceans
Calcium - ✅✅-Ca, aco limestone, bones, sea shells, salt in ocean
Titanium - ✅✅-Ti, a strong light metal
Manganese - ✅✅-Mn, a metal like iron
Iron - ✅✅-Fe, a strong metal, Gco Earth's core, Aco meteorites, can become
magnetic, 4th Gco Earth's crust
Iridium - ✅✅-Ir, rate element found in meteorites
top three most abundant elements in EARTH'S CORE - ✅✅-Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni),
unknown
top three most abundant elements in EARTH'S CRUST - ✅✅-Oxygen (O), Silicon
(Si), Aluminium (Al)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Hkane. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
