My Revision Notes: Edexcel AS/A-level History: Mao\'s China, 1949-76
A collection of essay plans from the student book with added detail including facts, figures, judgement and description spanning across the whole China unit.
1) Japanese occupation had ruined industrial centres of China including
Manchuria
American B-29 bombings also destroyed much of the port towns of China.
2) Counter-revolutionary campaigns aimed to move China towards a more
socialist economy as they aimed to eliminate the class system- this mainly
targeted Shanghai businessmen and those with a history of belonging to
upper class (educated, affluent background)
Land to the Tiller campaign killed estimated 1million landlords
3) Mutual Aid Teams: Greater success as they pooled resources much like
existing resources.
APCs
Agricultural Co-operatives
People’s Communes
4) 1st FYP aimed to industrialise the Chinese economy from its agrarian roots.
Was heavily reliant on Soviet aid (expertise and industrial plants/loans)
Did not increase standards of living though provided more jobs as any profits
or surplus were used to invest in government bonds
Though the plan did meet the targets and even outstrip the targets for heavy
metal
Mao used the success from this plan to launch the GLF
5) GLF yielded little success
Agricultural gain was small
Backyward furnace and Four Pests Campaign/ Lysenkoism were all policies
that worsened famine
Forced grain requisitioning meant people in the country starved
Rural areas blocked off from city
Party cadres abused power
People’s communes provided little for its inhabitants who were worked to
death/exhaustion
6) Deng Xiaoping and Lin Biao were moderate of the party
Advocated for less harsh procesudres
Following the death of Mao, Deng Xiapoing introduced the 4 modernisations.
, How far was the PLA the most important factor in
the consolidation of the communist regime?
1) PLA
The PLA had two individuals in each regional bureaux which have it
significant power in governing affairs of the different regions
Learn from the PLA campaign
Above the rule of law so would have been giving significant powers
in dealing with criminals (eg bandits which were a problem due to
displacement during the civil war down to)
Korean War- proved the west were ‘paper tiger’s
Encouraged patriotism which in turn empowered Mao tamping down
on opposition.
2) Bureaucracy
The one party system
State control of all political affairs including Ministry of public
Security encouraging mass participation and self-registration
Quotas for struggle meetings at factories and work was set by the
central structure
Ensured submission to authority.
Broke down the trust between individuals so they would be entirely
reliant on the party.
3) Counter-revolutionary terror
The threat of the Laogi (
, The Chinese Revolution brought widespread
benefits to the Chinese people:
The Chinese Revolution overthrew the Qing dynasty establishing the first
Republic of China. Though this was a positive outcome for the 80% of China’s
population who were the peasantry, the new regime brought many hardships
including purges, violent campaigns in south and northern areas as well as
war. This essay will examine the arguments that demonstrate the advantages
of the revolution, but ultimately conclude that, given the consequences, there
was few widespread benefits to be shared.
1) Campaigns for the masses: When Mao came into power, he launched the
Self-registration and mass participation campaigns. In order to sustain the
communist revolution, the civillians had to demonstrate their loyalty
idealogically which meant many of them were forced to admit certain
misgivings including coming from an educated or upper class backgrounds/
working for the nationalists. The reality of this campaign for the Chinese
people was being arrested- it became a trick as citizens incriminated
themselves and often others making themselves targets of abuse, arrests and
struggle meetings. 800,000 in 1951 and midnight arrests
Evidently this was no beneficial- increased violence and control over the
people as a result.
2) Reunification Campaign: The Chinese revolution aimed to unite the people
behind a united cause. Difficult given the over 50 different ethnic groups but
in order to sustain the cause, the party launched re-unification campaigns in
the South and Non-Han majority regions such as Xinjiang and Tibet.
PLA co-originated militia in Xinjiang and invasion of Tibet in 1950. 17 point
agreement.
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