It summarises the content from term 1 up to term 4 and do not panic if you see a table that was cut . All of the tables were checked and no words are missing from the tables so the cut did not affect the wording .Apologies if you see that.
1. Strategies to develop self-awareness, self-esteem and self-development
1.1. Concepts
Self-awareness Self-esteem Self-development
How good you know How much you like How you improve yourself
yourself regarding yourself and how confident by building up your
interests, skills, strengths you are. strengths, improve your
and weaknesses, likes and weaknesses, develop your
dislikes, goals, values and life skills and become the
beliefs. best person you can be.
1.2. Factors that influence self-awareness and self-esteem
• What other people say about you
• What happens in your life
• How well you cope with challenges
• How you respond to successes and failures
• How popular you are
• The media – newspapers, magazines, TV, and all social media
sources like Facebook, Mxit, etc.
1.3. Strategies to build confidence in yourself and others
• Good communication skills
• Assertive attitude
- Say what you want to say clearly
- Be positive and respectful
- Know what you want
- Have a tall and straight body posture
- State your viewpoint clearly
- Be polite
2 Compiled by C. Van Staden, SES Life Orientation
, • Complete tasks and projects successfully by managing your time
effectively
• Participate in community organisations
• Make good decisions
- Evaluate the situation
- Get information about the different options
- Consider the consequences of each decision
- Choose the best option
- Act on your decision
2. Power and gender
2.1 Concepts
Term Explanation
Gender Roles, behaviours, activities and qualities that society
sees as suitable for men / women.
Gender is learnt, it is not a biological function.
Sex Biological qualities that define men and women.
Female and male Groupings according to sex.
Feminine and masculine Grouping according to gender.
Power relations Sharing of power between people in a relationship. You
may have a dominant and a submissive partner in a
relationship. Dominance is often determined by gender
and sex. Men have traditionally more power than
women.
2.2. Differences between a woman and a man
• The most obvious differences between the sexes are biological
in nature. Example :
3 Compiled by C. Van Staden, SES Life Orientation
, Women Men
Menstruate No menstruation
Ovaries that produce eggs Testicles that produce sperm
Have two x chromosomes ( XX ) Have one X and one Y chromosome ( XY )
Vagina is inside the body Penis is outside the body
Give birth Do not give birth
Smaller and lighter with less bone Taller and heavier with more bone mass
mass
Less upper body strength More upper body strength
More white blood cells More red blood cells
Puberty starts two years before boys Puberty starts two years after girls
Fertility lessens after the age of 35 Fertile till old age
Higher levels of the hormone Higher levels of the hormone testosterone
oestrogen
Less body hair More body hair
Skull is thinner and weaker Skull is thicker and stronger
Have to work harder to build muscle Build muscles easily
2.3. Stereotypical views of gender roles and responsibilities
• Women may earn less than men for certain work
• Men are promoted to positions of power instead of women
• Men are allowed to smoke, drink and have affairs in some
societies, while women are not.
• Male sports teams get more funding and media coverage than
women teams.
• Women have to do more housework than men.
• Women play a larger role in parenting.
• Some careers are traditionally seen as just for men.
2.4. Influence of gender inequality on relationships and general well-being
• Sexual abuse and violence
- When women/girls are involved in relationships where power is
not equal, men may decide on the conditions under which sex
happens. This may mean forced sex.
- Includes rape, incest and violent sexual acts.
4 Compiled by C. Van Staden, SES Life Orientation
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