Summary AQA Psychology A level FACT SHEET KEY STUDY FINDINGS
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A4 sheet with key study findings from all AQA spec 2024 psychologists and many additional findings to support extra evaluation in essays. This sheet serves as a fact sheet to check key findings and short evaluation points. Extremely useful for checking percentages and names of Psychologists, has be...
Social Influence Memory
Asch – Baseline conformed 36.8% of time, Group size Baddeley (Coding) – Immediate recall ↓ with♪similar, 20
13.6% (2 confederates) 31.8% (3 confederates) changed mins later semantically similar ↓ Jacobs – 9.3 numbers,
little with more confederates, Unanimity <1/4 of original 7.3 letters immediately after recall Miller (STM capacity) –
and difficulty ↑ conformity [~Lucas] Milgram – 12.5% 7±2 Peterson² (STM duration) - after 3s recall 80%, after
stopped at 300V, 65% went to 450V, Location 18s 3% Bahrick – Recognition test: 90% after 15yrs 70%
47.5%(Run-down office), Proximity 40% (Same room), after 48yrs, free recall test:60% after 15yrs 30% after 48yrs
Uniform 20% (MoP), Disobedient peer 10% Moscovici – McGeoch&Mcdonald – More similar list = worse recall
Consistent 8.42%, Inconsistent 1.25% Holland (LOC – Godden&Baddeley – accuracy 40% ↓ in mismatching
Milgram) - 37% internals, 23% externals 450V Nolan – Carter&Cassidy – performance ↓ in mismatching
other’s behaviour sign = < electricity used due to NSI Loftus&Palmer – contacted:31.8 smashed: 40.5
Nemeth&Brilmayer (ski lift jury) – Compromise made Johnson&Scott – pen:49% knife:33% Yuiller&Cutshall –
majority change opinion More stressed PPS better recall
Attachment (MD:D,A,D,D,I,E) Psychopathology
Feldman (Reciprocity) - Mothers respond to alert phases -2% have IQ score <70 -any year 25% of us experience
2/3 of the time, interaction becomes more intense ~ symptoms of mental disorders in some degree
3months Schaffer&Emerson – 29% has secondary within Watson&Rayner – ‘little albert’ showed fear to other
month of forming primary, 3% father first sole, 27% father white-furry objects March et al – After 36wks 81% of CBT,
joint first Grossmann – quality of fathers’ play related to 81% of antidepressants and 86% of CBT +
quality of adolescent attachments Field – PCG more time antidepressants of PPS were significant improved Ali et al
imitating than SCG Lorenz – Incubator:followed him, – After 6month CBT 42% related and 53% withing 1yr
control group followed mother Harlow – Preferred cloth Taylor – up to 230 genes involved in OCD Nestadt et al –
regardless of milk Ainsworth – Secure 60-70% British 68% MZ, 31% DZ has OCD Soomro et al – SSRIs reduce
toddlers, insecure-a 20-25%, insecure-r 3% Bick – 94% OCD symptoms by around 70%
agreement between observers in SS Biopsychology
Ijzendoorn&Kroonenberg – Israel IR 29%, German IA Broca – left frontal lobe Wenicke – left temporal lobe
35%, Sweden Secure 74% Bowlby – 14/44 AP and 12/14 Peterson – Used brain scans to demonstrate Wernicks
had prolonged separation in first 2yrs Rutter - <6months and Brocas area active Gage – Pole through left frontal
IQ:102, >2yrs IQ:77 Zeanah – 19% securely attached, lobe, mood changed Sperry – objects shown in RVF:PPS
44% showed DA Hazan&Shaver – Secure:long-lasting can describe what is seen, LVF:can’t name objects, can
relationships, Avoidant:jealous and fear intimacy select matching object using left hand and closely
Approaches associated picture Maguire – More volume of grey matter
Wundt – Opened first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in posterior hippocampus in London taxi drivers than
1879 Pavlov - Bandura – More aggressive if they saw matched control group -80% of amputees have phantom
aggression Tuvling – Semantic = right prefrontal cortex, limb syndrome Siffre – free-running circadian rhythm
episodic = left PC Buckner&Peterson – Semantic = left settled down to ~25hours when he did have a regular
PC, episodic = right Freud – Oral=0-1, Anal=1-3, sleep/wake cycle Stern&McClintock – 68% of♀cycle
Phallic=3-6, Latency=pre-puberty, Genital=puberty Maslow brought closer to ‘odour doner’ DeCoursey – chipmunk
– self-actualisation, self-esteem, love & belongingness, sleep/wake cycle disappeared + many killed by predators
safety & security, physiological needs
Relationships (RS), physically attractive (PA)
(FT:SD,SiA,C) + (SET:CL,CLalt + S,B,C,I) + (RIM:S,CLalt,I + A,W2S,F,PI,RA) + (DPM:I,D,S,G) + (PSR:ES,IP,BP)
Buss - /10k PPS ♀like £ set ♂like ↑ physically attractive Clark&Hatfield – 75%♂would have sex,0%♀would
Hass&Stafford – 57% of gay♀+♂ said honest SD main way RS deepened Tang – Individualist SD ↑ sexual thoughts
🧬
than collectivist Shackelford&Larson – people with ↑symmertrical faces ↑PA as it = good Taylor – online daters
sought partners ↑PA than them Clark&Mills- exchange RS more with colleagues than partners -Individualist:↑satisfied
when equitable, collectivist↑when overbenefitting Rollie&Duck – added resurrection to phase model (apple past
experiences to future RS) Le&Agnew – meta-analysis /52studies CLalt and investment size predicted commitment for
♀+♂ Mckenna&Bargh – 71% of socially anxious people form RS online surviving >2yrs Maltby - ♀teens who had
intense-personal (IP) RS with ♀celeb who’s body shape they admired had ↓body image McCutcheon –
borderline-pathological (BP) and IP RS had ↑anxiety in RS
Schizophrenia(SZ) Forensic psychology (FBIP:DA,CSC,CR,PG)
-↑ glutamine in SZ patients -Amphetamines (↑DA) mimic -↑↓ made by FBI with 36 sexual serial killers Canter –
symptoms -Antipsychotic drugs (↓DA) reduce intensity of analysis /100 serial killers match FBI typology Holmes –
symptoms – 67% of SZ had 1 childhood trauma Cheniaux /88 arrests 17% used offender profiling Lombroso - /300
– 68% diagnosed with ICD and 39% with DSM /100 dead + /3000 alive criminal skulls = 40% of criminals had
Gottesman – MZ:48%, DZ:17%, parents:6% Ripke – 108 atavistic characteristics Christiansen - /3000♂ twin pairs
separate genes ↑ risk of SZ -Chlorpromazine(typ) better MZ:35%, DZ:13% concordance rate for offending Crowe –
reduced symptom severity in >1k PPS -Clozapine(atyp) 50% risk of offending if bio mother had CR + 5% if no CR
more effective than typical + effective in ~50% of Raine - ↓activity and 11%↓ volume of grey matter in
treatment-resistant cases NICE – evidence CBT was prefrontal cortex Farrington – meta-analysis offenders ↑
effective in ↓ symptoms and rehospitalisation McFarlane – on P scale only, /400 men @ different ages ↑factor was
family therapy ↓ relapse by 50% Glowacki – 7 token family criminality Keen – offender in AM ↑ awareness of
economy studies found ↓ negative symptoms anger -Offender ↓MR than non-offenders -Addicts not
deterred by prison
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