Ocr A Level History A2: Civil Rights In The Usa 1865-1992
A comprehensive table listing key information for each aspect of the Civil Rights topic organised by 'theme' (Gilded Age, New Deal and Black Power). Useful for recapping the entire module quickly for revision.
Gilded Age (1877-1900) New Deal (1922-39) Black Power (1960s)
A - White aristocracy enjoyed power throughout - Slum clearance, public housing projects - 1969: 27 Black Panthers shot by police
F USA → engendered the development of benefitted AA. and 100s arrested.
white supremacist ideas (KKK est 1866). - Min. wage regulations sometimes made it harder - In reality they did not achieve
R
- Jim Crow laws continued to disenfranchise to employ blacks as they were often unskilled much for AA.
I blacks through literacy tests → this was not and ‘not worth’ the minimum. - Did not achieve the mass support that
C fully eliminated until 1960s. - ⅓ of AA on relief v. 1/10 of whites. King had done due to it’s radicalism.
A - Blacks had buying power over white racist - Social Security Act 1935: did not apply to AA - Traditional CRs activists did not directly
N business owners; they set up ‘parallel’ companies sharecroppers in S. address issues like White Supremacy
A and formed ‘all-black’ unions. - New Deal did not include a CRs Act. and police brutality - black power did.
- Founded their own churches and - Nothing done for AA POLITICAL rights eg. - King had less support in North = Black
M enfranchisement and segregation. Power movement was more popular.
universities eg. Tuskegee 1881 → developed
E the debate of whether there was a full and - Roosevelt limited by his reliance on southern - Encouraged pride in Black identity and
R equal place for blacks in society. democrat support = he could not pass direct black consciousness.
I - No. of lynchings increased dramatically. measures to alleviate plight of AA. - More violent tactics provided a
C - Advancement in education laid foundations for - New Deal gave federal support to growth of AA real incentive to govt to
much CRs activism later on. culture eg. Duke Ellington (Harlem introduce change.
A
- ¼ of ‘cowboys’ on western ranches were AA = AA Renaissance). - Radicalisation was vital to energise AA
N - 200,000 AA given employment in CCC but still and achieve aims.
economic equality.
S - West often more indifferent to colour than faced discrimination.
the S. - 200 AA evicted from farms following AAA.
- Anti Lynching Bill failed to pass 3x
N - Battle of Little Bighorn (victory) = change in - Badly hit by depression as they were already in - Militant groups eg. AIM took inspiration
A opinion of Americans, they only responded badly poverty. from BP.
due to mistreatment. - Indian Reorganisation Act ‘34 = NA had greater - NA inspired to disregard tribal
T
- 2 boarding schools set up; provided NA with role in admin for reservations. differences by unity and pride of BP
I vocational training. - Resources on reservations were better movement.
V - Gave them opp to find better jobs (Indian managed. - BP inspired youth to abandon slow but
E agency offices, interpreters etc. ) - Protected their right to practise their own peaceful methods of protest eg. legal
A - Reservations = they could est. farming religion incl. Drug use (peyote). cases.
M communities. - NA children allowed to attend local schools - BP mas a mass movement that had
- Opp for better healthcare (high mortality rather than having western culture forced on power to demand change from govt.
E rates = it definitely needed addressing). them. - NCAI was limited in that it only
R - Allowed continuation of tribal life, to a - IRA stopped allotment of NA lands and revoked benefited those who ad been
I degree, preserved culture and sense of process of Dawes Act. assimilated and were doing
C belonging. - Land used to expand reservations. well.
A - Navajo tribe benefited greatly; acreage - Training in farming was provided as well as - ‘Red power’ → BP.
increased 3 fold and livestock increased better medical care. - After WW2, clear that NA were already
N
exponentially = rise in pop. - reformers/ social scientists/ John Collier created united in resistance to govt policies ie.
S - Dawes Act ‘87; gave them land and citizenship. a greater of respect and admiration for NA they did not need BP.
- In reality, reservations robbed NA of their freedom culture. - NA pressure groups were successfully
and CRs. - Allotment policy abandoned (had caused much achieving CRs. eg. NARF legal cases.
- Harsh conditions and land was often poverty) = further loss of land prevented. - Govt had already est. bodies
barren = difficult to farm. - Tribes on reservations were led by tribal councils such as ICC (1946-48).
- Govt grants were insufficient and were often cut to = self-determination. - Militancy already featured in some NA
finance other things. - Govt didn’t interfere. groups eg. National Indian Youth
- Wounded Knee Massacre 1890; marked last - NA poverty had been recognised by Meriam Council.
resistance of NA to govt control of Great Plains. Report ‘28 but not addressed. - Their development in protest style was
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