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IB SEHS TOPIC 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/25
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IB SEHS TOPIC 1 & 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/25
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IB SEHS TOPIC 1 & 2 QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS 2024/25
Outline the functions of connective tissue - -Cartilage: Protects the ends of
the bones, absorbs shock, reduces friction
Ligament: Connect bone to bone, strong, fibrous bands that provide stability
to the joints, prevents abnormal movements
Tendon: Muscle to bone, enables movement and adds stability
-Define the term Joint - -The place where two or more bones articulate
-Distinguish between the axial and appindicular skeleton in terms of function
- -Axial: Protection
Appendicular: Movement
Bones also support and attachment to muscle
-State the four types of bone - -Long, short, flat, irregular
-Anatomical terminology to the Location of bones - -Inferior: Below or away
from the head
Superior: Above or closer to the head
Internal: Inside
External: Outside or near the surface
Medial: Closer to the midline of the body
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body
Anterior: Front
Posterior: Behind
Proximal: Close to the trunk
Distal: Away from the trunk
-Distinguish between the different types of joints in relation to movement
permitted - -Fibrous: no movement
- Fixed
- connects the edges of 2 bones, continuous with the periosteum
- Skull and sternum
Cartilaginous: Limited movement
- Bones separated by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
- Discs between vertebrae/ Ribs --> Sternum
, Synovial: Freely moving
- wide range of movements
-Outline the features of a synovial joint - -Articular Cartilage: Spongy/
smooth layer or cartilage that covers the end of the bone; prevents friction
Synovial Membrane: Holds synovial fluid
Synovial Fluid: Slippery fluid that filled the joint capsule, lubricates joint
cavity and allows for movement
Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs found where 2 structures rub against each other,
provides lubrication in areas of high stress
Meniscus: disc of fibrocartilage that allows the bone to fit more tightly,
greater cushioning
Ligament: Strong fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone and
allows for more bone stability
-List the types of synovial joints - -Ball and Socket
Hinge
Condyloid
Saddle
Pivot
Gliding
-Outline the Characteristics common to muscle tissue - -Contractibility:
Ability for the muscle to shorten and p[roduce force
Extensibility: Ability of a muscle to lengthen
Elasticity: Ability of a muscle to return back to its normal size
Atrophy: Ability of a muscle to shrink
Hypertrophy: Ability of a muscle to increase in size
-Distinguish between the different types of muscle - -Skeletal: Voluntary
stiated, used to move the skeleton
Cardiac: Heart Muscle, involuntary, striates
Smooth: Lines the blood vessels and hollow organs, involuntary
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