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IB SEHS Topic 5 Study Guide for Test/38 Q’s & A’s
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IB SEHS Topic 5 Study Guide for Test/38 Q’s & A’s
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IB SEHS Topic 5 Study Guide forTest/38 Q’s & A’s
Describe a simple model of info processing - -Input -> CNS for Decision
Making -> Output
• We take info from our surroundings, use it to make a decision and then
produce a response (feedback then used to see if response was good/bad &
if action should be repeated)
-define skill - -goal oriented action that is learned/practiced and specific to
the task
-distinguish between a skilled and novice person - -- skilled: learned
through a lot of practice; meet with max certainty; minimum outlay of
energy; consistent, efficient, and accurate
- novice: less practice, meet with minimum certainty; large outlay of energy;
inconsistent, inefficient, and inaccurate
-state the relationship between skill, ability and technique - -skill = ability +
technique
-distinguish between Fleishman's two categories of abilities (give examples
of each!) - -Perceptual Motor - cognitive abilities (rxn time)
Physical Proficiency - bodily abilities (dynamic strength)
-define Hick's Law - -+++ possible responses/outcomes = slower rxn time
-Describe Welford's model of information processing - -1) Take in
information through our senses and temporarily store all of these inputs prior
to sorting them out
2) The inputs that are seen as relevant to the decision are then stored in the
short-term memory
3) A decision is made by comparing the information in the short-term
memory with previous experiences stored in the long-term memory
4) With reference to the long term memory for the required action the
decision is carried out
5) The action and the results are stored for future reference
6) The whole process then begins again
-Outline the components associated with sensory input - -The senses can be
divided into proprioceptors, exteroceptors and interoceptors:
, proprioceptors: Receptors responsible for telling us where were are oriented
in space (position). Also tells us which muscles are contracted and which
joints extend
exteroceptors: Provides information from outside the body from external
environment Examples) vision, hearing, feel, smell, taste
interoceptors: Provides sensory information from within the body. Ex) Chemo
receptors, hunger, lung stretch receptors
-Explain the signal-detection process - -According to signal detection
theory, the probability of detecting any given signal depends on the intensity
of the what you should b focused on (signal) compared to the intensity of
background info (noise)
-Distinguish between the characteristics of sensory memory (aka sensory
information store (SIS), short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory
(LTM)) - -1. sensory information store (SIS): where all incoming info is birefly
held; all/most info lost in 0.5 seconds unless rehearsed; if rehearsed it passes
to STM.
2. Short-term memory (STM): 90% of all info entering here is lost within 10
seconds; mental & physical rehearsal helps info get passed to LTM; time,
capacity and space limitations (humans can only recall 7+/-2 bit of info)
3. Long-term memory (LTM): no capacity limitation; hard retrieveing old info
-Discuss the relationship between selective attention and memory - --
Short-term memory has limited capacity (7 items) so we need to chose what
we pay attention to.
- Selective attention: individual focusing on relevant information while
ignoring irrelevant information; broadbent (ex: Stimuli being chosen for
processing after entering STM, we can also make decisions on what process
before the information enters STM based on past experiences)
-Compare different methods of memory improvement - -Rehearsal: required
to get information into LTM, and to increase the chances of being able to
recall that information.
coding: information associated with images can be recalled better with the
associations
brevity: it is easier to remember short and specific details rather than long
and vague information
clarity: if the information is clear and understood, it will be easier to
remember
chunking: To some degree we do this automatically. It is literally a case of
chunking several pieces of information into one meaningful chunk, which
takes up less space in STM
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