Social Cognition Final Exam with 100% correct answers
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Social Cognition
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Social Cognition
What is independent self-construal? What is interdependent self-construal?
Self-construal: how we think about who we are in relation to others
Independent self-construal: The self is viewed as independent of others. Stresses attending to the self sees people as being distinct and autonomous, st...
Social Cognition Final Exam with 100% correct answers
What is independent self-construal? What is interdependent self-construal? - answer Self-construal: how we think about who we are in relation to others
Independent self-construal: The self is viewed as independent of others. Stresses attending to the self sees people as being distinct and autonomous, stresses appreciation of differences from others. (This usually happens in western cultures)
Interdependent self-construal: The self is viewed as interdependent (the self is experienced as a part of a social web and your understanding of yourself comes with how you fit into that web). Also the focus is on attending to the needs and work of others
Briefly describe one research finding that identifies how self-construal can affect consistency, self-enhancement, and subjective well-being. - answer Consistency:
Choi and Choi (2002): East Asians are more tolerant of inconsistency (it makes them less uncomfortable than Americans) - for both self and others
Suh (2002): Consistency is only a primary motivator when the self is the anchor of the behavior (increasing contextual focus reduces the importance
of consistency Self-enhancement:
Heine, Takata, and Lehman (2000): Differences in self-enhancement as a function of self-construal. Canadian Ps (independent) find it harder
to say that they're worse at something, relative to their peers
Japanese Ps (interdependent) find it harder to say that they are better at something, relative to their peers
Kanagawa, Cross, and Markus (2001): Japanese Ps self-descriptions are consistency more negative (due to lack of self-enhancement and tendency toward self-criticism) Subjective well-being:
Oishi and Diener (2001): Goal pursuit causes different benefits, depending on self-construal
Independent goal pursuit: greater benefit for American Ps
Interdependent goal pursuit: greater benefit for Asian Ps Oishi and Diener (2003): Cultural differences in motivation related to SWB (subjective well-being)
American Ps prefer immediate reward and short-term enjoyment much more than Asian Ps (probably because Asian Ps focus more on long-term positive outcomes)
Identify and briefly describe four research findings that suggest self-
construal can affect attribution. - answer
Asian Ps (interdependent) make more situation corrections than their Western counterparts: Morris and Peng (1994) Media coverage of mass murders in America and China - American media focuses on negative personal characteristics of murderers (dispositional attributions). Chinese media focuses on situational and contextual factors
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