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BY 101 Chp 19 Questions and and answers (1)
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BY 101 Chp 19 Questions and and answers (1)
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BY 101 Chp 19Digestive System - ✅✅-metabolizes food to be used for energy by the body
digestive tract - ✅✅-long tube with openings at the mouth and anus
mechanical digestion - ✅✅-physical breakdown of food (teeth grind food to increase
surface area for enzyme exposure)
chemical digestion - ✅✅-salivary glands secrete saliva and enzymes in saliva break down
sugars
tongue - ✅✅-muscular structure in mouth; forms a bolus (ball of food) and pushes it to the
back of the mouth
Pharynx - ✅✅-forms the back of the throat and branches into 2 tubes- trachea and
esophagus
trachea - ✅✅-leads to the lungs
esophagus - ✅✅-leads to the stomach
Epiglottis - ✅✅-thin flap of cartilage below the tongue; keeps swallowed food from entering
the trachea
lower esophageal sphincter - ✅✅-ring of muscles at base of esophagus; prevents backflow
of stomach contents in lower esophagus
Peristalsis - ✅✅
-rhythmic waves of involuntary, smooth muscle contractions push food
down esophagus to stomach
pyloric sphincter - ✅✅-found at the base of the stomach; regulates chyme secretion in
small intestine
small intestine -✅✅ -long tube (20 ft in adults) that absorbs nutrients and alcohol into
bloodstream via epithelium
accesory organs - ✅✅-outside of the digestive tract but produce or secrete substances for
digestion
pancreas - ✅✅ -produces secretions to neutralize stomach acids and enzymes to digest
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids
✅✅
liver - -produces bile to help dissolve fats in the small intestine; helps metabolize toxins
(alcohol and drugs)
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