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Summary 12 Respiration
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Concise respiration summary notes for the new linear A-level biology 7401/7402
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RespirationTwo types:
1. Aerobic – produces 32 ATP
2. Anaerobic – produces 2 ATP
Anaerobic respiration
1. Glycolysis - Involves splitting one glucose molecule into 2 smaller pyruvate molecules.
® Produces 2 ATP molecules.
Alcoholic fermentation Lactate fermentation
the pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into the pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into
ethanol using NADH. lactate using NADH.
In plants and yeast In animals and some bacteria
Aerobic respiration
Stages:
1. Glycolysis – produces 2 ATP molecules
2. Link Reaction
3. Krebs Cycle – produces 2 ATP molecules
4. Oxidative phosphorylation – produces 28
ATP molecules
Glycolysis Figure 1 - How the NAD needed for glycolysis is
regenerated in various organisms
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Phosphorylation
• 2 phosphates from ATP molecules are added to glucose, to form
phosphorylated glucose.
Oxidation
• Phosphorylated glucose is split into 2 triose phosphate molecules –
which lose hydrogen to form pyruvate (oxidation).
• The hydrogen ions are taken by coenzyme NAD to form NADH.
• 2 ATP molecules are produced.
Link reaction
Takes place in the mitochondria
Pyruvate is actively transported to
matrix of mitochondria.
Occurs twice for every glucose molecule
1
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