TWU Nursing Pharmacology Final Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Absolute Neutrophile count (ANC) - -Determines if chemo patient is neutropenic -ANC 2000: neutropenic -: mild - 500 - 1000: moderate - 500: severe -Broad antibiotics used if patient is febrile until can determine what the cause is Acetazolamide, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide (-AMIDE) - • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor • Decrease IOP by decreasing aqueous production/secretion (GLAUCOMA) • Local SEs - stinging, blurry vision, tearing, photophobia • Systemic SEs - anorexia, polyuria, N/V, numbness in fingers/toes/mouth • Drink 2L fluid/day to reduce renal calculi Activia, DanActive, Colon Health caps, Culturelle - -Live non-pathogenic microbes -Prevent infection of pathogenic microbes in colon (C. DIFF) -Contraindicated: antibiotics (decrease antibiotic effect) Adriamycin (Doxorubicin) - - VESICANT -Specific: prevents DNA division -SEs: alopecia (100%), CARDIOTOXICITY, PHOTOSENSITIVE, RED/ORANGE BODY FLUIDS -LIFETIME LIMITING DOSE (500 mg/M2) Antibodies given during biotherapy - Zumab: human + a little mice Ximab: human + mice Momab: Mice Unam: humanAprepitant (Emend) - -Serotonin receptor antagonist -Prevent serotonin from activating CTZ -PROPHYLAXIS ONLY -ADULTS ONLY Atropine - • Dilate pupil • Indications - intraocular exams/surgery • Local SEs - blurry vision, photophobia, loss of accommodation • Systemic SEs - dry mouth, constipation, fever, tachycardia, CNS effects • CONTRAINDICATED WITH GLAUCOMA Avastin (Bevacizumab) - -Biotherapy: human + little mice -INHIBITS ANGIOGENESIS: starves tumor -Off market due to SEVERE GI BLEEDS -Indicated for metastatic breast cancer Benefits of giving multiple chemo drugs at once - -Synergism -Decrease drug resistance -Diff toxicities Betaxolol, Timolol - -Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta-blockers) - Decrease IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production (GLAUCOMA) -SEs: burning, conjunctivitis, blurry vision, PHOTOPHOBIA, dry eyes -Systemic effects: heart and lungs (non-selective drugs) - bronchoconstriction, bradycardia Biotherapy - -Antibodies rev IS response-Non-Hodgekins, AML, CLL, breast -GIVE TYLENOL, BENADRYL PROPHYLAXIS -SEs: CARDIOTOXICITY, HYPERSENSITVITY, HA, flu-like sxs, fatigue, fever, RIGORS, hypotension, rash Brimonidine - • Alpha adrenergic agonist • LONG TERM THERAPY FOR GLAUCOMA • Decreases AH production, increases outflow, delay degeneration of optic nerve • SEs - dry mouth, ocular hyperemia, burning, HA, blurry vision • WAIT 15 MINS after application to put in contacts Cascara, Senna, Castor oil, ExLax, Bisacodyl - -Contact stimulant laxative -Increases peristalsis by irritating nerves in mucosa -SEs: Watery stool, cramping -Abuse: hypokalemia, decreased protein, malabsorption Cellcept - -Renal/heart transplants -PO on empty stomach Characteristics of cancer cells - -Immortal: do not undergo apoptosis -Quickly replicate and form blood vessels (angiogenesis) -Cells break off tumor and metastasize Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine - - H2 antagonists: inhibit histamine from activating H2 receptors that make gastric acid - Indication: PUD, GERD, ZES, aspiration pneumonitis - Delayed onset of 30 - 45 mins - SEs: anti-androgenic (Cimetidine), confusion/hallucinations (elderly ppl with kidney issues) - Contraindicated (Increase drug levels): warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, lidocaine - Contraindicated (Decrease H2 antagonist levels): other antacids, smokingClarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Bismuth-subsalicyclate, Metronidazole - - Inhibit H. pylori growth - Bismuth-subsalicyclate causes lysis of H. pylori - SEs: BLACK TONGUE/STOOL, TINNITUS, NEUROTOXICITY, constipation, REYES SYNDROME Cyclosporine - -Transplant drug for bone marrow -HAS OWN IV LINE -Inhibits Tcells Cytoxan (Cyclophosphamide) - -Nonspecific -RA, LUPUS (suppresses IS) -SEs: HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS, myelosuppression, ALOPECIA (50%), TERATOGEN -GIVE MESNA BEFORE TO COAT BLADDER Diphenoxylate/Atropine, Loperamide - -MOST EFFECTIVE ANTI-DIARRHEAL -Decrease intestinal motility to increase H2O/eletrolyte absorption Diprevefrin - • Sympathomimetic • Mydriasis (dilation) to decrease IOP by increasing outflow • NOT FOR NARROW ANGLE GLAUCOMA • Adding P on lacrimal sac will decrease systemic effects - tachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations, increased BP Docetaxel - -Specific: inhibits microtubule formation -Indicated cancers: breast, non-small cell lung, stomach, head/neck, metastatic prostate -SEs: HYPERSENSITIVITY, NEUROTOXICITY Docusate - -Emollient laxative-Moistens hard stool by increasing mucus -Prevents straining Dramamine, Meclizine, Diphenhydramine - -Motion sickness -Block histamine receptors in CTZ and decrease stimulation of vestibular apparatus -SEs: sedation, anticholinergic effects Drugs that cause ototoxicity - • ASA, NSAIDs • Antibiotics - aminoglycosides, -mycin • Antineoplastics • Loop diuretics - furosemide Epoetin - -Colony stimulating factor -Increase RBCs for discharge home -Use when Hgb 12.9% -Stop if Hct 40% Fluoracil - -Specific: G1, S phase -Antimetabolite: cant make/repair DNA -SEs: myelosupp, STOMATITIS -Indicated cancers: breast, liver, ovary, pancreas, rectum, stomach, esophagus, head/neck