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Summary IGCSE CAIE CHEMISTRY UNIT 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY NOTES
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IGCSE CAIE CHEMISTRY UNIT 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY NOTES COMPREHENSIVE NOTES ON UNIT 4: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
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🪩Unit 4 Electrolysis
4.1 Electrolysis concepts
Electrolysis is the decomposition of an ionic compound, when molten or in aqueous
solution, by the passage of an electric current.
Only ionic compounds in an aqueous or molten state can undergo electrolysis (the same
goes for metallic compounds but not for covalent compounds)
Key ingredients for electrolysis:
An electrode is a rod of metal or graphite through which an electric current flows
into or out of an electrolyte
Electrolyte the ionic compound in a molten or dissolved solution, containing anions
and cations, that conducts the electricity
An Anode is the positive electrode of an electrolysis cell
A cathode is the negative electrode of an electrolysis cell
Unit 4 Electrolysis 1
, The power supply provides the cathode with a supply of electrons, causing it to become
negatively charged
Positive ions (cations) in the electrolyte move towards the cathode where they gain
electrons
Negative ions (anions) in the electrolyte move towards the anode where they lose
electrons
The electrons move from the anode back towards the power supply
So, in a complete circuit:
Electrons are the charge carriers in the external circuit
Ions are the charge carriers in the electrolyte
Electrolysis of molten compounds and aqueous compounds
w/ examples
Molten compounds
The positive ion will migrate towards the cathode and the negative ion will migrate
towards the anode
Therefore, the cathode product will always be the metal, and the product formed at
the anode will always be the non-metal
Electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide
Unit 4 Electrolysis 2
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