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PCP Lab 1 (EMRG-236-SA1)_ SAIT PCP Pharmacology Manual 2021 (1).
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PCP Lab 1 (EMRG-236-SA1): SAIT PCPPharmacology Manual 2021
Drug: Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA, Aspirin, Bufferin)
What is the drug's classification? - ANS-> Antiplatelet,
> Analgesic
> Antipyretic
> Anti-inflammatory (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
***This medication is NOT a blood thinner
AHS Protocols: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-Adult: acute coronary syndrome (suspected)
Therapeutic Action (s): Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-1. Blocks the formation of thromboxane A2,
which is responsible for platelets aggregating and arteries constricting.
2. Produces analgesia and has anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects by inhibiting the
production of prostaglandins.
Indication(s): Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-anti-platelet therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Contraindication(s): Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-1. hypersensitivity to salicylates/NSAIDS
2. unconscious/unable to follow commands
3. patients with active ulcer disease (active GI hemorrhage)
4. bleeding disorders
5. pregnancy ( especially third trimester)
6. children under 15 years old
7. asthma (relative contraindication - which means that if the patient has had a bronchospasm
reaction prior with the use of ASA)
Dosage & Administration: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-Adult: 160 mg PO chewed (AHS/ACLS)
Pediatric: Not recommended
Side Effects: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-1. GI irritation
2. nausea/vomiting
3. tinnitus
4. increased risk of bleeding
Pharmacokinetics: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration 4-5 hours
, EMS Considerations: Acetylsalicylic Acid - ANS-1. if confirmed that patient took ASA properly by
dispatch instructions or by other first responder, withhold EMS dose.
2. ASAS must still be administered even if patient has take their daily dose or if they are
currently taking blood thinners (Plavix or Warfarin)
3. Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy (i.e., warfarin); ASA may potentiate the effect
4. diabetics taking ASA and oral hypoglycemic or insulin should be closely monitored for
hypoglycemia
5. Reye's Syndrome is an acute, often fatal disease of childhood, characterized by acute edema
of the brain, hypoglycemia, fatty infiltration, and liver dysfunction (this is why this medication is
not recommended in children under the age of 15)
Drug: Dextrose in Water (D10W; D25W; D50W)
What's the drug's classification - ANS-Caloric agent
AHS Protocol: Dextrose in Water - ANS-Adult:
- head injury
- hypoglycemia
- stroke
Pediatric:
- hypoglycemia (D10W & D25W)
- head injury (D25W)
Action(s): Dextrose in Water - ANS-1. increases blood sugar levels to normal cases in
hypoglycemia
2. hypertonic solution producing a transient movement of water from interstitial spaces into the
venous system (osmotic diuretic)
Indication(s): Dextrose in Water - ANS-1. severe, symptomatic hypoglycemia from any cause
2. head injury with symptomatic hypoglycemia
3. stroke with symptomatic hypoglycemia
Dosage & Administration: Dextrose in Water - ANS-* Need revision *
Side Effects: Dextrose in Water - ANS-1. rebound hyperglycemia
2. may aggravate hypertension and CHF
3. may cause neurological symptoms in the alcoholic patient
4. Wernicke's encephalopathy/Korsakoff's Syndrome
Pharmacokinetics: Dextrose in Water - ANS-Onset: < 1 minute
Duration: Varies
EMS Considerations: Dextrose in Water - ANS-1. tissue necrosis if infiltration occurs, to void:
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