This summary contains everything you need to study for the exam:
- All grammar you are expected to know for Spanish beginners
- Important words and (sample) phrases for the writing part of the test
- Per chapter a list with the most important vocabulary
Very well explained and elaborated Summary. I am just missing a couple small details as in explanations e.g. but nothingngbig
By: katinkagieltjes • 4 year ago
The information was good and structured, however I missed some information like the boot verbs,
By: Ellenwierenga • 4 year ago
By: juultjeviss • 5 year ago
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Spanish exam
Basic grammar
Regular verbs:
All regular verbs have an infinitive form that ends in either -
ar, -er or -ir.
The base form of the verb (so minus -ar, -er or -ir) get an
ending, based on the subject and tense of the sentence.
Present:
-ar -er -ir
Yo o o o
= I
Tú as es es
= You (singular)
Él/ella/usted a e e
= He/she/you formal
Nosotros/nosotras amos emos imos
= We male/we female
Vosotros/vosotras áis éis ís
= You male, you female (plural)
Ellos/ellas/ustedes an en en
= They male/they female/you formal (plural)
Reflexive verbs:
When the person doing the action is the same person receiving
it, it’s a reflexive verb. These verbs are ending with -se.
Examples are:
- Levantarse (to get up)
- Despartarse (to wake up)
- Acostarse (to go to bed)
- Vestirse (to dress)
- Ducharse (to shower)
- Bañarse (to bath)
- Cepillarse (to brush)
- Ponerse (to put on oneself)
- Llamarse (to be named)
When conjugating, these pronouns are put before the noun.
,For example: Me baño.
Yo me
Tú te
Él/ella/usted se
Nosotros/nosotras nos
Vosotros/vosotras os
Ellos/ellas/ se
ustedes
Important irregular verbs:
Ser Tener
= to be = to have
Yo soy tengo
Tú eres tienes
Él/ella/usted es tiene
Nosotros/nosotras somos tenemos
Vosotros/vosotras sois tenéis
Ellos/ellas/ustedes son tienen
Querer + infinitive Ir
= to want/to love = to go
Yo quiero … voy
Tú quieres … vas
El/ella/usted quiere … va
Nosotros/nosotras queremos … vamos
Vosotros/vosotras queréis … vais
Ellos/ellas/ustedes quieren … van
Estar Decir Salir Saber
= to = to tell = to go = to know
be out
Yo estoy digo salgo sé
Tú estás dices sales sabes
Él/ella/usted está dice sale sabe
Nosotros/nosotras estamo decimos salimos sabemos
s
Vosotros/vosotras estáis decís salís sabéis
Ellos/ellas/ustedes están dicen salen saben
, Poder Leer Hacer Conocer
= to be = to read = to do = to know
able to
Yo puedo leo hago conozco
Tú puedes lees haces conoces
Él/ella/usted puede lee hace conoce
Nosotros/nosotras podemos leemos hacemos conocemos
Vosotros/vosotras podéis leéis hacéis conocéis
Ellos/ellas/ustedes pueden leen hacen conocen
When to use ser (=to be), when to use estar (= to be), and when
to use hay:
Ser when speaking about:
- Characteristics
- Occupation
- Nationality
- Expressions of time, days and events
- Property
Estar when speaking about:
- Temporary characteristic or condition
- Position or location
- Actions
- Emotion
Hay when:
- Impersonal
(for example: a non-specific bookstore, a police officer)
Dónde está la casa de los Simpson? (specific)
Dónde hay una librería? (non-specific/impersonal)
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