Edelman and kudzma s canadian health promotion.pdf file:///C:/Users/EliteBook%20840/Downloads/Edelman%20and%20k
TEST BANK
Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion
Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition
Dames, Luctkar-Flude & Tyerman, All Chapters 1 - 25
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unit 1: Foundations for Health Promotion
1. Health Defined: Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
2. Diverse Populations and Health
3. Health Policy and the Delivery System
4. The Therapeutic Relationship
5. Ethical Issues Related to Health Promotion
Unit 2: Assessment for Health Promotion
6. Health Promotion and the Individual
7. Health Promotion and the Family
8. Health Promotion and the Community
Unit 3: Application of Health Promotion
9. Overview of Growth and Development Framework
10. The Prenatal Period
11. Infant
12. Toddler
13. Preschool Child
14. School-Aged Child
15. Adolescent
16. Young Adult
17. Middle-Aged Adult
18. Older Persons
Unit 4: Interventions for Health Promotion
19. Screening
20. Health Education
21. Nutrition and Health Promotion
22. Exercise
23. Stress Management
24. Complementary and Alternative Strategies
25. Health Promotion for the Twenty-First Century: Throughout the Life Span and
Throughout the World
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Chapter 1: Health Defined: Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How is disease defined?
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses
adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a hormonal
imbalance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
ANS: A
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuliand
stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition is an
ecological concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of disease,
rather than describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 1 TOP:Assessment
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. How can health be defined?
a. As the absence of disease and illness
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s
potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
ANS: D
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better
understood. Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of
physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is
experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health promotion
in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model? a.The focus is
on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and societal level.
b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over
and improve their health.
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control of
their own health.
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
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ANS: B
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in Canada.
Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people toincrease
control over and improve their health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP: AssessmentMSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control)
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization)
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
ANS: C
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure established
by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-BREF and the McGill Quality of
Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa Charter for HealthPromotion provides
a framework for health promotion, rather than measuring quality of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion OBJ: 2 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
ANS: C
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the
subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be
described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the resources
available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. Theother choices
represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health OBJ: 4 TOP:
Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a global
approach to health?
a. Population Health Promotion Model
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life
ANS: C
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-promotion ideals
and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Health Promotionin Canada at
the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on health promotion inOttawa. The
overall goal of “achieving health for all” in this report identifies three health
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challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three
health-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self-care, mutual aid, and
healthy environments. The final component of the framework consists of three
implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening community health
services; and coordinating health public policy.
Healthy People 2020 is a US-based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO Quality of
Life tool is a quality of life measurement tool used by health care workers. The Population Health
Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guidehealth promotion by
blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Canada
(PHAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country
b. Health promotion and disease prevention
c. Increased public funding for health insurance
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates
ANS: B
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the healthof
Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Amongthe
agency’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promotion and
disease prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to achieve the
goals of this program.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention, and
Protection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific
protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits this
definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention
OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Education about breast self-examination
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
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ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify
individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screeningtool
for breast cancer and, thus, is considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: PlanningMSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
trauma
ANS: D
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves
minimizing the effect of disease and disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to
maximize remaining capacities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
11. In reviewing a person’s medical history, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate
persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids as
recommended by the best practice guidelines for asthma management. The nurse discussesthis
with the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. Advocate.
b. Care coordinator.
c. Consultant or collaborator.
d. Educator.
ANS: B
Care coordinators act to prevent duplication of services, maintain quality and safety, and
reduce costs. Care coordinators base recommendations on reliable data sources such as
evidence-informed practices and protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Nursing Roles in Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection OBJ: 6 TOP:Assessment
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
12. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability
services. The nurse is acting as a(n): a. Advocate.
b. Care coordinator.
c. Consultant or collaborator.
d. Educator.
ANS: A
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The advocacy role of the nurse helps individuals obtain what they are entitled to receive fromthe
health care system; tries to make the system more responsive to individuals’ community needs;
and assists individuals in developing skills to advocate for themselves.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: The Nurse's Role
OBJ: 6 TOP: Implementation
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
13. During a home visit with an individual, a nurse discusses the dangers of smoking. In this
scenario the nurse is acting as a(n): a. Advocate.
b. Care coordinator.
c. Consultant or collaborator.
d. Educator.
ANS: D
Teaching may range from a chance remark by the nurse, based on a perception of desirable
individual behaviour, to structurally planned teaching according to individual needs. Selectionof
the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher–learner goals.
Health promotion and protection rely heavily on the individual’s ability to use appropriate
knowledge. Health education is one of the primary prevention techniques available to avoidthe
major causes of disability and death today, and is a critical role for nurses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: The Nurse's Role
OBJ: 6 TOP: Implementation
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
14. A nurse is asked to provide an expert opinion about the development of an education program
for newly diagnosed diabetics. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n): a. Advocate.
b. Care coordinator.
c. Consultant or collaborator.
d. Educator.
ANS: C
Nurses with a specialized area of expertise provide education about health promotion and disease
prevention to individuals and groups as consultants. Some nurses have specialized areas of
expertise or advanced practice, such as in gerontology, women’s health, or community or public
health, and they are equipped to provide information as consultants inthese areas of
specialization.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: The Nurse's Role OBJ: 6 TOP: PlanningMSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
15. In which of the following scenarios is the nurse functioning as a care coordinator?
a. A nurse is working with a family to coordinate care for a child with multiple previous
hospital admissions due to exacerbation of asthma.
b. A nurse is providing asthma education in an office setting to a child with moderate,
persistent asthma.
c. A nurse is administering the appropriate anti-inflammatory medication to a child
hospitalized for exacerbation of asthma.
d. A nurse is making a home visit to perform a respiratory assessment on a child discharged
from the hospital following an admission for an asthma exacerbation.
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ANS: A
Care coordinators help determine what medical care is necessary, monitor care, and arrange for
individuals to receive the most cost-effective care in the most appropriate settings. They must
collaborate with care providers and with the care recipient/family. Care coordinators areespecially
helpful in following a care recipient after discharge and assisting care recipients with complex
needs. A nurse working with a family to coordinate service after a hospitalization is a good
example of services provided by a care coordinator.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: The Nurse's Role OBJ: 6 TOP: PlanningMSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
16. A nurse is planning to deliver an educational program to individuals with diabetes. Which ofthe
following should be the initial action taken by the nurse to ensure the success of the program?
a. Assess the motivation level of the individuals
b. Assess the knowledge level of the individuals
c. Establish teacher–learner goals with the individuals
d. Establish multiple teaching sessions with the individuals
ANS: C
Selection of the methods most likely to succeed involves the establishment of teacher–learnergoals.
Thus, the first step by the nurse should be establishment of goals.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: The Nurse's Role OBJ: 6 TOP: PlanningMSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
17. The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions
about the care of individuals is known as: a. Health-related quality of life.
b. Evidence-informed practice.
c. A goal of the Canada Health Act.
d. The ecological model of health.
ANS: B
Evidence-informed practice is defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of
current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals. The practice of
evidence-informed nursing decision-making means integrating individual clinical expertisewith
the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: The Nurse's Role
OBJ: 6 TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
18. In order to promote health and prevent illness, disease, and disabilities, various levels of
prevention are used in nursing practice. Health promotion fits as a strategy under the umbrellaof
primary prevention. Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a.
Teaching how to give insulin
b. Screening mammogram
c. Immunization against hepatitis B
d. Rehabilitation for a stroke
ANS: C
Primary prevention refers to the timeline before disease occurs. Examples include healthyeating
and activity-based school programs, reduction of sodium in the food supply, and
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specific protection from diseases by immunization such as hepatitis B. Teaching how to give
insulin and encouraging women to have mammograms are examples of secondary prevention.
Rehabilitation for a stroke is an example of tertiary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Prevention, Primary Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
19. Secondary prevention is focused on averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease.
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention? a. Immunization forhuman
papillomavirus (HPV)
b. Screening for colorectal cancer
c. School presentation on bicycle safety
d. Physiotherapy after hip replacement surgery
ANS: B
Secondary prevention ranges from providing screening activities and treating early stages ofdisease
to limiting disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease. Screening is
secondary prevention because the principal goal is to identify individuals in anearly, detectable
stage of the disease process.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Prevention, Secondary Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning MSC:
Health Promotion and Maintenance
20. Tertiary prevention activities are focused on helping people to attain and retain an optimal level
of functioning. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention activities? a.
Rehabilitation after a stroke
b. Chest X-ray to screen for tuberculosis
c. Screening for prostate specific antigen (PSA)
d. Childhood immunization for measles and varicella
ANS: A
Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible. The process
involves minimizing the effects of disease and disability by surveillance and maintenance
activities that are aimed at preventing complications and deterioration. Tertiaryprevention focuses
on rehabilitation to help people attain and retain an optimal level of functioning, regardless of
their disabling condition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Prevention, Tertiary Prevention OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
21. Which of the following is most influenced by the social and economic environment of a
community?
a. Social health policies
b. Quality of care
c. Evidence-informed practice
d. Practice guidelines
ANS: A
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Cultural and socioeconomic changes within the population unequivocally influence lay concepts
of health and health promotion. Health-promotion efforts, unlike those efforts directed at
specific protection from certain diseases, focus on maintaining or improving the general health
of individuals, families, and communities. These activities are conducted at thepublic level (e.g.,
government programs promoting adequate housing or reducing pollutants inthe air), at the
community level, and at the personal level. Social policies concerning health are influenced by the
social and economic environment of a population. Analysis of population trends and projections
is necessary to help health care providers determine changing care needs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: Improving Prospects for Health, Population Effects OBJ: 6 TOP:Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
22. A major cause of death in the early twentieth century was:
a. Cancer.
b. Cerebrovascular disease.
c. Heart disease.
d. Infections.
ANS: D
Infections and acute disease were the major causes of death in the early part of the twentieth
century.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Shifting Problems OBJ: 6 TOP:Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
23. Which of the following groups of people is likely to show an increase in population numbers
between the years 2036 to 2063? a. Persons aged 65 and older
b. Persons of European descent
c. Persons belonging to a visible minority group
d. Infants, due to rising birth rates
ANS: C
By the year 2036, among working-age (15 to 64 years) Canadians, between 35% and 40% are
projected to belong to a visible minority group. In addition to changes in the ethnic distribution
within the population, the projected changes in age distribution will affect health-promotion
practice. Considerable growth is also expected in the proportion of the population that is 25
years of age and older. For example, it is projected that by 2063 the number of olderpeople will
more than double and potentially comprise between 24% and 28% of the overall Canadian
population. Although there was a drop in births after 1960, this decrease has been offset by an
increase in immigration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Improving Prospects for Health, Population Effects OBJ: 6
TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
24. Which of the following demonstrates a nurse taking action to promote health and prevent
disease?
a. Making a home visit to a person who is recovering from a heart attack
b. Administering medications to a cardiac care recipient in the hospital
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