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BIO 210 Anatomy& Physiology (1)
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BIO 210 Anatomy& Physiology (1)
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BIO 210 Anatomy& PhysiologyAnatomy - ANS-the structure or parts, taken as a whole
Physiology - ANS-the study of how the body and its parts work or function
Cell - ANS-The basic unit of structure and function in living things
Metabolism - ANS-the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up
or breaks down materials
Receptors - ANS-parts of the cell membrane that receive the neurotransmitter and initiate or
prevent a new electric signal
Effector - ANS-An organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve
impulses.
Homeostasis - ANS-process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal
environment
How do positive feedback effect homeostasis? - ANS-▪Increases the original stimulus to push
the variable farther
▪In the body, this only occurs in blood clotting and during the birth of a baby
how does negative feedback effect homeostasis? - ANS-▪Includes most homeostatic control
mechanisms
▪Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity
▪Works like a household thermostat
Levels of Structural Organization: how all smaller pieces combine into larger and more complex
ones. Atom-Organism - ANS-1. Chemical Level: Atoms combine to form molecules
----> Smooth muscle
2. Cellular level: Cells are made up of molecules ---> smooth muscle tissue
3. Tissue level: Tissues consist of similar types of cells
--->epithelial tissue, smooth muscle tissue, connective tissue
4. Organ level: Organs are made up of different types of tissues
--->Blood vessel(organ)
5. Organ system level: Organ system consist of different organs that work together closely
, -----> Cardiovascular system
6. Organism level: Human organisms made up of many organ systems
ventral cavity - ANS-located along the front of the body, contains the body organs that sustain
homeostasis
dorsal cavity - ANS-contains the brain and spinal cord
superior cavity - ANS-Borders by Temporal bone (mandibular fossa) and superior surface of disc
Inferior cavity - ANS-Borders by superior surface of condyle and inferior surface of disc
Lateral Cavity - ANS-Lateral - away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is
located at the lateral side of the foot).
medial cavity - ANS-Medial - toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located
at the medial side of the foot).
reproductive system - ANS-Reproduce offspring- produce male sex cells (sperm) and female
sex cells (oocytes)
urinary system - ANS-kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
function: eliminates waste, maintains acid-base balance, regulates water and electrolytes
digestive system - ANS-Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
rectum, anus
function: Breaks down food into smaller molecules. Absorbs these nutrients into the body.
respiratory system - ANS-consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
functions: in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment
lymphatic system - ANS-Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs
Function: Provides defense against infection.
cardiovascular system - ANS-composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
function: The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the
body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes;
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