Summary
Summary Module 5.6: Respiration
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OCR A level biology A Key concepts of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, covering processes such as link reaction, krebs cycle and fermentation.
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RESPIRATION Krebs cycle1) Acetyl group + oxaloacetate = citric acid
Mitochondria 2) Decarboxylation + dehydrogenation = NADPH + CO2,
- Outer membrane – compartmentalisation (aerobic) 3) Decarboxylation + dehydrogenation = regen OAA
- Intermembrane space – proteins pumped in by ETC CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP (substrate level phosphoryl)
- Inner membrane – contains ETC, ATP synthase
- Cristae - ↑ SA for oxidative phosphorylation
- Matrix – enzymes for Krebs cycle, link reaction, DNA
Only cytoplasm
Anaerobic
Coenzymes
Transfer protons /electrons between enzyme reactions Oxidatibe phosphorylation
1) NAD – all stages, accepts 1 H, reduced NAD oxidised 1) H from NADH + FADH2 (Krebs) to inner mem ETC
at start of ETC, synthesis of 3 ATP 2) H atoms released, splits into H+ and e-
2) FAD – only accepts H in Krebs cycle, accepts 2 H, 3) On inner mem, e- move along ETC, losing energy
oxidised further along chain, synthesis of 2 ATP 4) Energy used by electron carriers to actively pump H+
into intermembrane space
Glycolysis 5) H+ conc higher in intermem = electrocehm gradient
Phosphoryl, lysis, phosphoryl, dehydrogenation, net 2 ATP 6) Proton gradient maintained as results of
impermeability of membrane of H+
7) H+ diffuse back into matrix via ATP synthase = ATP
8) Process of ATP synth from H+ movement across
partially permeable membrane = chemiosmosis
9) In matrix, H+ e- and O2 (final e- acceptor, complete
breakdown aerobic) combine = water
Link reaction
Decarboxylation, oxidation (remove H = NADPH)
Not substrate level phosphorylation as
- Flow of protons down electrochemical gradient
- Through ATP synthase
- Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
Substrate level phosphorylation = formation of ATP
without ETC, from phosphorylated molecule
Gluc releases energy when broken down, synthesise ATP
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