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Nursing exam test with correct answers
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NUR 3196 - Module 11 Exam 3 withcomplete solutions
Innate immunity
Innate immunity
microorganisms - ANSWER-___ includes natural barriers and inflammation.
___ barriers form the first line of defense at the body's surfaces. They serve to
prevent damage by the environment and thwart infection by pathogenic ___
second
inflammatory - ANSWER-If the surface barriers are breached, the ___ line of
defense, the ___ response, is activated to protect the body from further injury,
fight infection, and promote healing
third
adaptive - ANSWER-The ___ line of defense, ___ immunity (also known as
acquired or specific immunity), is induced through a slower and more specific
process and targets particular invaders and diseased tissues for the purpose of
eradicating them. ___ immunity also involves "memory," which results in a
more rapid response during future exposure to the same invader.
1st line of defense - ANSWER-EX: skin, linings of GI, GU, resp. tracts, tears,
saliva, mucus, sweat, earwax
barriers (1st line) - ANSWER--constant
-broadly specific
-epithelial cells
-no memory involved
-Defensins, collectins, lactoferrin, bacterial toxins
-rotection includes anatomic barriers (i.e., skin and mucous membranes), cells
and secretory molecules (e.g., lysozymes, low pH of stomach and urine), and
ciliary activity
inflammatory (2nd line) - ANSWER--immediate response
-broadly specific
-Mast cells, granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils),
monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, platelets, endothelial cells
-No memory involved
-Activation of complement, clotting factors, kinins, cytokines
-Protection includes vascular responses, cellular components (e.g., mast cells,
neutrophils, macrophages), secretory molecules or cytokines, and activation of
plasma protein system
, NUR 3196 - Module 11 Exam 3 with
complete solutions
adaptive (3rd line) - ANSWER--Delay between first exposure to antigen and
maximal response; immediate against secondary exposure to same antigen
-Response is very specific toward target
-T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells
-Specific immunologic memory by T and B lymphocytes
-Antibodies, complement, cytokines
-Protection includes activated T and B lymphocytes, cytokines, and antibodies
mast cells - ANSWER-The inflammatory response activates 3 plasma systems.
two are interdependent, so the introduction to __ introduces the other two.
symptoms of inflammation - ANSWER--vasodilation, vascular permeability
(edema), cellular infiltration, thrombosis (clots), stimulation of nerve endings
(pain)
Nonspecific Inflammatory Response - ANSWER-Takes place in approximately
the same way, regardless of the type of stimulus or whether exposure to the
same stimulus has occurred in the past. EX: people have the same reaction to
mosquito bite every time they are bit
complement system - ANSWER-intensifies or complements the capacity of
antibodies and phagocytes to clear pathogens and damaged cells and activate
inflammation. Activation of this produces several substances that can destroy
pathogens directly or can eradicate pathogens through enhancing the activity of
other components of the immune response
clotting system - ANSWER-a group of plasma proteins, which, when activated
sequentially, form a blood clot. This system can be activated by a variety of
substances, such as collagen, enzymes, and bacterial toxins, released during
tissue injury or infection
Clots - ANSWER-___ serve to plug damaged vessels and stop bleeding
(hemostasis), trap microorganisms, prevent their spread to adjacent tissues, and
provide a framework for future repair and healing
kinin system - ANSWER-system activated by Hageman factor as part of the
inflammatory response; Functions to activate and assist inflammatory cells
Primary type is bradykinin
Causes dilation of blood vessels, pain, smooth muscle contraction, vascular
permeability, and leukocyte chemotaxis
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