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DENTAL RADIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
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DENTAL RADIOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2024
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Dental Radiology Final ExamStudy online at https://quizlet.com/_fd0wlu
1. Types of ra- - Scattering: COMPTON SCATTER - photon energy is par-
diation: scatter, tially absorbed from an outer shell electron. The electron is
ionizing, back- ejected from its orbit and the photon is deflected (changes
ground, charac- course). The ejected electron has a negative charge, dif-
teristic, etc. ferent course, and a lower energy. Accounts for 62% of the
scattering radiation in diagnostic radiology; COHERENT
SCATTER - when a LOW-energy x-ray photon interacts
with an outer-shell electron. No change in the atom occurs.
X-ray photon of scattered radiation is produced. No loss
of energy, no ionization occurs. 8% of the interactions of
matter with the dental x-ray beam.
- Ionizing: FORMS OF PARTICULATE RADIATION - elec-
trons (Beta particles and Cathode Rays), alpha particles,
protons, neutrons; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION -
x-rays, gamma rays, ultra-violet light
- Background: Radiation that is always in the environment.
For example, radon in air; uranium, radium, thorium in
earth; cosmic rays; radioactive potassium in food and wa-
ter, etc.
- Characteristic: when an incoming electron collides DI-
RECTLY with an inner shell electron of a target atom, thus
ionizing it; an x-ray photon is released. In order for this to
occur, the incoming electron MUST have kinetic energy AT
LEAST equal to or greater than the electron in the shell it
is colliding with - need 70 kVP or higher.
2. Compo- Film packet: x-ray film: one-film packet or two-film packet;
nents/function paper film wrapper: protective sheet that covers the film
of film packet. and shield the film from light; lead foil sheet: single piece of
lead foil to shield the film from backscattered (secondary)
radiation that results in film fog; outer package wrapping:
soft-vinyl or paper wrapper that seals the film packet,
protective paper, and lead foil sheet. It serves to protect
the film from exposure to light and oral fluids.
3.
, Dental Radiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fd0wlu
KVP, MA, Expo- - KV: is a measurement of the electrical force that caus-
sure Time es electrons to move from the negative cathode to the
positive anode; when KV INCREASED, the SPEED of
the electrons INCREASES, causing them to stroke the
target the GREATER FORCE AND ENERGY, resulting in
an x-ray beam with a SHORTER WAVELENGTH; dental
radiography requires the use of 65 to 100 KV
- KVP: is the maximum (or peak) voltage across the x-ray
tube; KVP INCREASED = INCREASED DENSITY (dark-
er); HIGH KVP = more PENETRATING beam and LOW
contrast - many shades of gray; HIGH KVP = INCREASES
intensity
- MA: the unit of measure used to describe the number of
electrons (or current) flowing through the cathod filament
(conductor); an INCREASE in the NUMBER OF ELEC-
TRONS = INCREASED NUMBER OF X-RAYS; dental
radiography requires the use of 7-15; HIGH MA = IN-
CREASES INTENSITY, HIGH DENSITY
- Exposure Time: the interval time during which x-rays are
produced; HIGH Exposure Time = INCREASES INTENSI-
TY, HIGH DENSITY
4. Functions of - Leaded-glass housing: prevents x-rays from escaping in
items found in all directions.
the tube head
- Cathode: (negative) consists of a tungsten wire filament
in a cup-shaped holder; supplies the electrons necessary
to generate x-rays
- Anode: (positive) consists of a wafer-thin tungsten plate
embedded in a solid copper rod; converts electrons into
x-ray photons.
*Thermionic Emission: release of electrons due to over-
heating of tungsten filament, releasing electrons toward
positive anode.
, Dental Radiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fd0wlu
5. Indirect, direct - Indirect: x-ray photons are absorbed within the cell and
action theories of cause the formation of toxins, which in turn damage the
radiation cell
- Direct: cell damage results when ionizing radiation direct-
ly hits critical areas, or targets within the cell
6. Types of caries INTERPROXIMAL
and where locat- - Incipient Carious Lesion: extends halfway through enam-
ed el
- Moderate Carious Lesion: extends more than halfway
through enamel; does not involve the DEJ
- Advanced Carious Lesion: extends through enamel and
into dentin; it does not extend through the dentin more than
half the distance toward the pulp
- Severe Interproximal: extends more than halfway to the
pulp
OCCLUSAL
ROOT CARIES
7. Components of Atom: consists of central nucleus and orbiting electrons;
the atom nucleus - protons and neutrons; electrons
8. Point of entry for - Lateral Jaw, Body (Mandible): below inferior border of
each radiograph mandible; VA = -15 to -20 degrees; perpendicular to hori-
projection zontal plane of receptor
- Lateral Jaw, Ramus (Mandible): posterior to third molar
area; VA = -15 to -20 degrees; perpendicular to horizontal
plane of receptor
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