Exam (elaborations)
547
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Exam of 14 pages for the course NCE B at NCE B (547)
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547Accessible Population - ANS-Portion of the target population to which researchers have
reasonable access
Might be elements within a country, state, hospital, unit, or clinic
The sample is obtained from the accessible population by a particular sampling method (ex:
simple random sampling)
Accuracy - ANS-Determining the closeness of the agreement between the measured value and
the true value of the quantity being measured
Positive correlation of 95% or above is a strong indication of accuracy
Accuracy depends on the quality of the measurement equipment or device, detail of the data
collection plan, and expertise of the data collector
AGREE Instrument II - ANS-Used for assessing the quality of EBP guidelines, NOT individual
studies
Barriers to EBP - ANS-Lack of knowledge about EBP
Negative views about research
Lack of belief in EBP effectiveness
Lack of time
Limited access to the literature
Lack of administrative support
Peer pressure for tradition
Barriers to EBP - ANS-Lack of knowledge, negative views, lack of belief in efficacy
Lack of time
Limited access to literature, administrative support, peer pressure, tradition
Best Practice - ANS-Practices that just intuitively make sense...defined by regulatory,
accreditation agencies, and professional standards. Practices that may or may not have
evidence of research to support them.
Practices have proven track record of success and based on "good clinical practice"
They can be EBP, but often they are not
Child Subjects - ANS-To obtain informed consent, you need the assent of the child and
permission of the parents/guardians
Assent is the child's affirmative agreement to participate in research
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) - ANS-Support services that match information from
individual patients with the best evidence from research that applies
, Cluster RCT - ANS-Use representative groups of samples rather than individuals
The unit of analysis is the research site, which is randomly selected by investigators
Cluster Sampling - ANS-Applied when the population is heterogeneous
It is similar to stratified random sampling, but takes advantage of the natural clusters of
population units that have similar characteristics
Cochrane Collaboration - ANS-Where you can find meta-analyses and systematic reviews
Published quarterly, based on the best available information about healthcare interventions
CONSORT Statement - ANS-Transparent reporting of trials
Intended to improve the reporting of RCTs, enabling readers to understand the trial's design,
conduct, analysis and interpretation, and assess the validity of its results
COMPLETE transparency of the authors
Content Validity - ANS-Examines the extent to which the measurement method includes all the
major elements relevant to the construct being measured
Evidence obtained from literature, representatives of the relevant populations, and content
experts
Convenience Sampling - ANS-Subjects included for being at the right place at the right time
Little opportunity to control for biases
Convergent Validity - ANS-Relevant when new instruments are being developed for a study
Determines how closely the existing instruments measure the same construct as the newly
developed instrument
Critical Appraisal of Quantitative Research - ANS-1) identifying the steps of the research
process
2) determining study strengths and weaknesses
3) evaluating the credibility and meaning of a study to nursing knowledge and practice
Critical Appraisal of Research - ANS-Involves a systematic, unbiased, careful examination of all
aspects of studies to judge their strengths, weaknesses, meaning, and significance
Crossover RCT - ANS-Each subject is exposed to both treatment conditions, they serve as their
own controls
Maximizes enrollment because it requires fewer subjects
Includes a washout period that occurs between exposures to study conditions
Data-Driven Practice - ANS-Internal validation studies
Performance improvement (PI) projects
Benchmarking studies
Quality improvement vs. EBP vs. Research
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