QUESTION 1: (25)
1.1 List Then Define The Pre-Linguistic And The Adult-Like Language Stages In
Language Development. (4)
1.2 Explain The Concept Of Emergent Literacy And Its Significance In A
Learner’s Language Development And Highlight How Emergent Literacy Lays
The Foundation For Later Reading And Writing Skills. (3)
1.3 Critically Discuss The Importance Of The Grade R Year In The Acquisition Of
Language Skills And Discuss How Teachers And Parents Or Caregivers Play A
Crucial Role In Fostering Language Development During This Period. (4)
1.4 Describe The Typical Milestones And Progressions Observed In Language
Development During This Period. (4)
1.5 Analyse TWO (2) Challenges That May Arise During Language Development
In Learners And Identify Strategies That Can Support And Promote Language
Acquisition In The Classroom Or Home Environment. (4)
1.6 Critically Explain How Teachers And Parents Or Caregivers Can Effectively
Address Language-Related Difficulties In The Following TWO (2) Environments.
– Teachers (At School)
– Parents Or Caregivers (At Home)
QUESTION 1: (25)
1.1 List Then Define The Pre-Linguistic And The Adult-Like Language Stages
In Language Development. (4)
Pre-Linguistic Stage:
1. Cooing: Around 2-3 months, infants begin to produce cooing sounds, which
are vowel-like and often associated with comfort or pleasure.
, 2. Babbling: Around 6 months, infants start to babble, producing repetitive
consonant-vowel combinations like "bababa" or "dadada".
3. Holophrastic Stage: Around 12 months, infants use single words
(holophrases) to represent entire sentences or complex ideas (e.g., "milk"
might mean "I want milk").
Adult-Like Language Stage:
1. Telegraphic Speech: Around 18-24 months, children begin to form two-
word sentences that resemble telegrams, omitting less critical words (e.g.,
"want cookie").
2. Complex Sentences: Around 3 years, children start forming complex
sentences with proper syntax, including the use of conjunctions,
prepositions, and articles.
3. Mastery of Grammar: By age 5, children typically have a good grasp of
their native language’s grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure, closely
resembling adult speech.
1.2 Explain The Concept Of Emergent Literacy And Its Significance In A
Learner’s Language Development And Highlight How Emergent Literacy
Lays The Foundation For Later Reading And Writing Skills. (3)
Emergent Literacy refers to the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that precede
formal reading and writing. This concept encompasses the development of oral
language, print awareness, and the understanding that written symbols convey
meaning. Emergent literacy is significant because it:
• Enhances Language Development: Through exposure to books,
storytelling, and conversations, children expand their vocabulary and
comprehension skills.
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