QUESTION 1: (25)
1.1 List Then Define The Pre-Linguistic And The Adult-Like Language Stages In
Language Development. (4)
1.2 Explain The Concept Of Emergent Literacy And Its Significance In A
Learner’s Language Development And Highlight How Emergent Literacy Lays
The Foundation For Later Reading And Writing Skills. (3)
1.3 Critically Discuss The Importance Of The Grade R Year In The Acquisition Of
Language Skills And Discuss How Teachers And Parents Or Caregivers Play A
Crucial Role In Fostering Language Development During This Period. (4)
1.4 Describe The Typical Milestones And Progressions Observed In Language
Development During This Period. (4)
1.5 Analyse TWO (2) Challenges That May Arise During Language Development
In Learners And Identify Strategies That Can Support And Promote Language
Acquisition In The Classroom Or Home Environment. (4)
1.6 Critically Explain How Teachers And Parents Or Caregivers Can Effectively
Address Language-Related Difficulties In The Following TWO (2) Environments.
– Teachers (At School)
– Parents Or Caregivers (At Home)
Question 1: (25 Marks)
1.1 List Then Define The Pre-Linguistic And The Adult-Like Language Stages
In Language Development. (4 Marks)
Pre-Linguistic Stages:
1. Cooing Stage (0-3 months): Infants produce cooing sounds that are
generally vowel-like and are often associated with pleasure.
, 2. Babbling Stage (4-6 months): Infants begin to produce repetitive consonant-
vowel combinations such as "ba-ba" or "da-da."
3. First Words Stage (12 months): Infants start to produce their first
meaningful words, often related to their immediate environment or needs.
Adult-Like Language Stages:
1. Telegraphic Speech Stage (18-24 months): Children use two-word
sentences that typically include nouns and verbs, resembling telegrams, such
as "want juice" or "big truck."
2. Complex Sentences Stage (3-4 years): Children begin to form more
complex sentences, including grammatical markers such as plurals, past
tense, and possessives.
3. Fluent Speech Stage (5+ years): Children’s language becomes more
sophisticated and similar to adult speech, with a broader vocabulary and
more complex sentence structures.
1.2 Explain The Concept Of Emergent Literacy And Its Significance In A
Learner’s Language Development And Highlight How Emergent Literacy
Lays The Foundation For Later Reading And Writing Skills. (3 Marks)
Emergent Literacy: Emergent literacy refers to the skills, knowledge, and
attitudes that precede formal reading and writing. These foundational skills are
developed during early childhood through interactions with adults, books, and the
environment.
Significance in Language Development:
• Vocabulary Building: Through listening and speaking, children expand
their vocabulary, which is crucial for reading comprehension.
• Phonological Awareness: Understanding the sounds of language helps
children decode words when they start reading.
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