Summary
Summary - Unit 15 - Transition Metals
- Course
- Institution
In-depth complete topic summary revision.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
megan555lewis
Content preview
TRANSITION METALSSo Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu In
↳ d-block elements that can for one or more stable ions with a partially filled (incomplete) a -orbital
Sc and
In don't form a stable ion with a patially filled
d -orbital FORMATION OF COLOURED IONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : GENERAL PROPERTIES :
in 3d
conduct heat variable oxidation states -e-sits 45 and
-
-
conduct
electricity
-
levels which close
energy are
very
-
Shiny ,
strong and hard
for colored ions in solution >
high melting colour of the complex in solution
-
and
boiling
-
points
-
-
good catalysts
-
-
form complexions
transition metal in
ligands band with
-
only stable i n
-
1sIs" 20352, p34533a e-ind-orbital
So
&B
+
1922s22p63523p6 ytransition
nea
-
repulsion between e-in ligands and
-raised energy d-orbital
of
Ti 152252p635" 3p64533d each wave
-splits the two groups
energies into
v Is22522p65s 3p64523d3 any not
-
=mon
Prepulsion absorbed
↳ Ist2s22p33p4s' 303 it M
-
than the energy Co2 +
6420 light energy
Mn 152s2p3s3p4s3as difference
J
FACTORS :
Fe 1st2s22p63s3p64396
2t
1522g22p635" 3p63dt
↑e
-
isoelectronic -
nature of TM ion -
state
33
-
oxidation state
light
1522522p6ys234523d7 Cot
ligands ↑E
-nature of
Co 1522s22po3s 3pb do wa
=
-
shape of complex
-
coordination 10
J
.
Ni Is22s22p" 3523pt4s23dS #
Co 152252p63523064s' 3d then #11143 #
-
Y
octahedral
*
zs3pozd10 exception #
In 1522s"2pbs23p6452391 Cu-1522szp (Cu2 + is most stable) 2
[red]
Jimm
filled d-orbital
M -
ligand causes the d-orbital to split
inexpoma
+
27 1st522pozsid10
- -
-
e-absorb the light energy
higher d-orbital
ion
only stable
↓ -
e-are promoted to the
.. e- cannot move / be promoted
d-orbitals
unabsorbed of the colour
light complementary
-
between
METAL COMPLEXES
-
is transmitted
COMPLEX ION-central transition
, metal is surrounded by ligands bonded date covalent bands
by
COORDINATION NO .
-
no. Coordinate bonds in a complex
COORDINATION NO -
J
charged ligand for
swapping a
11 I I
small ligands : H20 : -
he C)
a neutral ligand changes
: NH3
Joraneral j
coordination no
↓
fit 6 MONODENTATE lone pair C
pt
one
strength Only
↓
-
: OH-
octahedral Iharder t Cu
reverse)
BIDENTATE MULTI -
MONODEN
:
-
two lone
pairs
I
-
O
MULTIDENTATE-) One coordinate bond
large ligands
:
fit 4
U3N NUz
retaura
terrahedral : 109 So . square planar : 900
↳ anti cisplantin
dug 2
I sin
concer
OHz
total oxidation state total
totalOxidation
as are
=
oxidation state -
H20.. ↓ -
so t ogether
close
of metal [C (120) >]3
- z 1 1x4)
Co COMPLEX
=
-
- -
-
ion compisy of one or more ligand
4) (aq)
attached to central metal caria
=I 3 1 -
one
-
H20 just one lone
of band
par by mears dame covalent
>
-
H
,
0 -
J adecaia
&
LIGANDS -
Species that use its love pair of e- depends on size
di
mono dentate
on one of its atoms to form a
darive dative covalent with a transition
ligands bond
↓
bond CO-ORDINATION
metal
do
of love pars accepted by a catial
-
.
-
NO
TYPES OF LIGANDS :
COMPARING
CISPLANTIN [P+ 2+
comprex]
drug
NK3
↳ acticancer
NEUTRAL-tively charged complexes ,
oxidation 10 = metal ion H20
S form date
NEGATIVE--tively Charged Complex CN Cl On
displaced
with M+
-
Doeds to DNA -
ICI
-could bond to
healing can but and
s coordination
cause unwanted side effects e .
g
.
har loss s form octahe
-prevents replication of cancerous cells
issuer transplati A
BIDENTATE LIGANDS
:
MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS
-
↳ no duti-cancer properties
bands *
↳ ↳
[P
two dature
NMs) , 4(420)]
donate I love
pais called chelates
-
P+ (Nu3(z(z + 120 - + +
-
4
I· I
-
=
example required
- C-
FDA
>
-
6 lone pairs e-
-
↳ nitrogen
EXAMPLES
I lean) :
two
Or
↳ four oxygen · antidote to metal poisoning
emancipate > amalie
conticoagulant (nove cast from blood
mu
acts like
-
an
don't need to lear smar t botten
Salt from blood
↳ forensics lar
Only fit Hull > remove
monslusions
-
↳ blood e
> m o re
- marians from · remove Catt from hard water
.
↓ > protein
soluti an ↳ clearing products
AEMOGLOBIN/
-
Mensports O
>
-
One EDTA can replace
or -
Often optical isomers
6 H20
with 4 02)
z(or >
- Felt compu .
O
octahedral same
ligands - . multiderate : han
Nix ↓
different ligan as
oxygen
2 or water
#
OR
Fez 02 [024] longs
with M
substitutes 120 ligand in the
①
square planar 2 sure ligands to form oxyhamoglobin
different
rigands -
2
↓
ofhel cis-trans
=
isomerism
oxyhaemoglobin gives up of and is replaced
ar with 120 and elens the
to lugs e .
.
g haber process
protein octahedral
CATALYSIS :
PROCESS:
carbon monoxide : Co replaces water ligand CONTACT
so
strongly that it cannot
readily be replaced ↓ temp ↓money + CO2 produced
by On or 120 =
Oxygen starvation
=
pois on ou
itself oxidised
I
STEP 2
: V204 + 2 +
V20s
megan love you a mu -
reformed
HETEROGENOUS CATALST :
HOMOGENOUS CATALYST
-
reactants are adsorbed
onto surface active sires e .
g CO/NO
. -
catalysts react with a reactant to form intermediate
-wealers bands ,
brings molecules close -> more favorable -
intermediate reacts to for product faster that original
orientation
reactant land
reaction rales
place regenerates)
-
-
products are desorbed e
. CO2 N2
g
.
, 2C0 + 2NO >
- Nz + CO2 -
acid :
X + Y > products
-
-
less namful
x + H + -
HX
+
IDEAL CATALUST =
Nadsorption 2 .
g .
Fe Co Ni
y
,
HX +
,
>
products + H
-
+ +
if too cannot more round surface
strong-reactants
product desorb
cannot e .
. transition
g metal
if too we are racrans not adsorbed -
Fezt
+
-
-
32082 -
21
-
+
- -
honeycomb structure -
-
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller megan555lewis. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.83. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now