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Summary Chapter 1 Psychology Peter Gray
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Summary of Chapter 1 of Psychology by Peter Gray
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TEST BANK -- SUMMARY INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY, 8TH EDITION BY PETER O. GRAY (AUTHOR), DAVID BJORKLUND (AUTHOR)PART 1 (PB0014) -- SAMENVATTING INLEIDING TOT DE PSYCHOLOGIE, 8E EDITIE DOOR PETER O. GR...
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Introduction to Psychology (Ch.1-16)
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Samenvatting Psychology - Introductory Psychology and Brain & Cognition (7201702PXY)
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Chapter 1Psychology = the science of behaviour and the mind.
observable non-observable
3 ideas of behaviour:
1. Behaviour and mental processes have physical causes
2. The way people think, behave and feel is modified by experiences
3. The body’s machinery is a product of evolution and natural selection
Behaviour and mental processes have physical causes
Dualism : material body and immaterial soul
o Descartes
Behaviour occur trough mechanical means, not the soul
Everything by body, thinking by soul
pineal body
Materialism : behaviour occurs by physical processes, especially the brain
o Hobbes
better understanding of reflexes
reflexology
localization of the brain
The mind and behaviour are shaped by experience
Empiricism : knowledge and thought derive from sensory experience
tabula rasa
Association of contiguity : if one experiences 2 environmental events at the same time,
these will be associated when thinking about only one. (think of apple red AND round)
Nativism : the basics of knowledge are native to the human mind and are inborn
(no experience)
o Counterpart of empiricism
o ‘Otherwise we wont be able to learn anything
o 2 types of knowledge
1. Priori knowledge doesn’t have to be learned (= inborn)
2. Posteriori knowledge gained from experiences
Priori knowledge is essential to gain posteriori knowledge
The body’s machinery is a product of evolution and natural selection
Species evolve to their environment, from generation to generation
To promote survival and reproduction
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